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ON SENSE 
ERINARY GUIDE 



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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



DISEASES AND TREATMENT 

OF THE 

HORSE, COW AND HOG 



X 

Diseases and Treatment 



OF THE 



Horse, Cow and Hog 



BY 

W. U. GORDON, V. S, 

WINAMAC, IND. 



LOEHRKE AND GORDON 

PUBLISHERS WINAMAC, IND. 

1914 



^ 

<*•<£* 



COPYRIGHTED, 1914 

BY 

W. U. GORDON. 



Printing and Binding by 
The Henneberry Company. Chicago. U. S. A. 



MAR 12 1314 



TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. 

THE purpose of this book is to teach in a 
plain and practical manner, those things 
which are of greatest importance to the 
breeder, stockman and farmer, that is of keeping 
his stock in perfect condition, and the treatment 
of their diseases. For the preparation of this 
work, the author has taken great care to present 
nothing which has not for its basis well deter- 
mined scientific facts. An earnest effort has been 
made to present these facts in as limited a space as 
possible, and to use, wherever practicable, home 
as well as medical treatment. It is believed that 
every one interested in stock will find in this vol- 
ume something of practical value. We will not 
consume more space in introducing this work, 
trusting that an examination will disclose suffi- 
cient interesting matter to command the reader's 
attention, and that the use of this work will en- 
able it to accomplish a useful mission, that of 
preventing and curing sickness and disease. 



PART L 



CHOKE 

The causes of choking are feeding oats, wheat 
chaff, eating greedily, bolting the feed, eating 
apples or any foreign body that is not ground up 
or of the proper shape. It will either lodge in the 
opening of the throat or at the opening of the 
stomach. 

Symptoms — These vary owing to the position 
of the object, if the object is lodged at the en- 
trance of the throat, the animal shows great 
distress, hurried breathing, frequent coughs, ex- 
cessive flow of saliva, sweating, trembling and 
often bloating. In the lower choke, the symptoms 
are not so sure. After the horse has taken a few 
swallows of food or water it is ejected through 
the nose or mouth. It will show some distress, 
cough, groan and nearly always bloat. 

Treatment — If the object is at the entrance you 
should use some instrument to hold the mouth 
open to protect the hand, and while the operator 
trys to pull the object out you should have a helper 
to manipulate the throat and press upward. If 
the object cannot be removed through the mouth 
it should be pushed on down as far as possible 
and followed up with oil. If the object is near 
3 



4 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

the entrance of the stomach do not try to push 
it down with the hose or a buggy whip, but take 
your time and soak it down with oil. Do not 
use much at a time but use it often. There are 
more animals killed with a buggy whip and hose 
than with the choke proper. 

COLIC 
The disease of the horse which we most fre- 
quently find is termed colic. This disease has 
many remedies which are sure cures. But what 
does colic mean? This is applied to all of the 
organs of the abdominal cavity, which are accom- 
panied by pain. If the horse has an overloaded 
stomach, internal hernia, locked bowel, cramp or 
any other disease of the liver or bladder, it is 
called colic. Let us divide colic into five different 
forms : First, spasmodic ; second, flatulent ; third, 
indigestion; fourth, impaction, and fifth, worm 
colic. 

SPASMODIC OR CRAMP COLIC 
This form of colic is produced by contraction 
or spasm of the small intestines. This is brought 
on by driving a horse in cold rains, putting a hot 
horse in cold drafts, by bad feeding, and large 
drinks of cold water. Unequal nerve supply is 
the cause of the cramp of the bowels. This is 
more common in the high-bred horse than in the 
heavy farm horse. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 5 

Symptoms — If you will watch it closely, it is 
no trouble to tell this form of colic. If the horse 
is eating, he may stop eating and look at his sides, 
stamp his feet. He will begin eating again but 
the pain soon begins again. He paws, lies down 
and rolls, begins to sweat and steam, tries to lie 
on his back, and tries to make water very often 
but makes very small quantity at a time. This 
may be mistaken for kidney trouble, but is just 
due to pain. 

Treatment — If you are not prepared for this 
with a colic drench, you can give one-half pint 
of whiskey in warm water. Jamaica ginger is 
useful with a little soda in warm water or milk. 
Rectal injections of warm soap and water are 
useful. Use in a large syringe or with four or 
five feet of rubber hose and a funnel. The end 
of the insertion should be well greased and run 
into the rectum from twelve to eighteen inches. 
A very good spasmodic colic drench to keep on 
hand is: Sulphuric ether, two ounces; opium, 
one ounce; ginger, one ounce, and warm water, 
one pint. Give four tablespoonfuls every thirty 
minutes until relieved. 

FLATULENCE OR BLOAT COLIC 
The most frequent cause of this form of colic 
is the changing of feed — new hay or grain, large 
quantity of green feed, feed that has lain in the 



6 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

manger and soured — bad teeth or horse going 
without feed for a long time and then having 
access to too much feed. 

Symptoms — This form of colic does not come 
as fast as spasmodic. At first the horse may lie 
down or may not, the horse becomes dull, the pain 
is continuous from the start, the belly becomes 
enlarged, and by striking in front of the haunches 
a drum-like sound is heard. If not soon relieved 
it will begin to breathe hard, eyes become blood- 
shot, loud heart beat, profuse sweating, trembling 
of the front legs, staggering from side to side and 
finally drops dead. The most prominent symptom 
is the bloating. 

Treatment — This must commence in time to 
keep down any inflammation or to prevent rup- 
ture. Give two tablespoonfuls of soda, one-half 
pint of whiskey or dilute alcohol, and water one- 
half pint. Charcoal is very beneficial. Always 
give a physic as soon as possible. Raw linseed 
oil and four tablespoonfuls of turpentine, or one 
ounce of powdered aloes for a physic. Hot 
applications to the abdomen are always of great 
help. 

IMPACTION 

This disease is most always found in the winter 
when the stock is on dry feed. It is caused by 
feeding an over-amount of old, dry, hard hay or 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 7 

corn stalks, shredded fodder, deficiency of the 
intestinal secretions, lack of water and want of 
exercise. 

Symptoms — Impaction is diagnosed by slight 
abdominal pains which may disappear for a day 
or two to reappear in more violent pain. The 
feces are passed very often but very dry. The 
animal paws, lies down, stretches out on his side, 
and lies with feet extended; when it gets up it 
always sits up like a dog. He makes water very 
often which is due to the pressure against the 
bladder. A horse may suffer from an impacted 
bowel for a week and sometimes longer and 
eventually recover, but as a rule death comes in 
from twenty-four to forty-eight hours. 

Treatment — This consists in an effort to move 
the bowels and to keep down inflammation. Give 
large physic as soon as possible; either of the 
following is advisable: One quart raw linseed 
oil and turpentine five tablespoonfuls, or Barba- 
does aloes, one ounce; calomel, two drams, and 
powdered nux vomica, 1 dram. Always give full 
doses, as they are better than small ones given 
often. It takes any kind of a physic twenty-four 
hours to work so do not repeat under that time. 
Give all the water it will drink. Rectal injec- 
tions and light exercise are very beneficial. If 
this treatment is carried out from the start most 
cases will recover. 



8 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

INDIGESTION 

The principal cause of indigestion is bad 
feeding, anything irritating, imperfect, unripe, 
damaged food, sudden changes in feed, and 
worms, are very good causes. Working the 
horse too hard, lack of care and poor feeding 
are weakening on the digestive organs and bring 
about indigestion. In the foals it generally 
starts from the dam. 

Symptoms — Indigestion starts with an irregu- 
lar appetite. At times the animal refuses all its 
feed and at others it eats ravenously. The appe- 
tite is not only irregular but is often depraved. 
There is a disposition on the part of the horse to 
eat unusual substances, such as wood, soiled 
bedding or even its own feces. One day the 
bowels are loose and the next day they are tight. 
Grain is often passed whole and the hay comes 
in balls not digested at all. The animal loses 
flesh and the hide becomes tight. Then come 
the colicky pains and if these are let run, inflam- 
mation sets in and death follows. 

Treatment — One should begin with the feed- 
ing — its quality, quantity and time of feeding; 
examine the water fully, and always see that the 
animal has water before feed. Examine the teeth 
and locate the seat of the trouble. If worms are 
the cause of the trouble they should be removed 
by the proper treatment, as seen elsewhere. If 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 9 

colicky pains begin, give the following : Baking 
soda, powdered ginger and gentian equal parts. 
Give two tablespoonfuls in warm water every 
thirty minutes until relieved. The following is 
a good indigestion tonic: Glauber salts, two 
pounds; common salt, one pound; baking soda, 
one-half pound. Give one tablespoonful in each 
feed. 

WORM COLIC 

There are many parasites that reside in the 
intestinal tract of the horse. There is the tape- 
worm, which is easily recognized if once seen. 
It is long, round and flat jointed and often from 
twenty to thirty feet in length. The intestinal 
worms are most commonly seen and are white 
or reddish in color and from four to twelve inches 
in length. They infest the small intestines. The 
small round worms infest the rectum. 

Symptoms — If the infestation is great we may 
have colicky pains or there may be only switch- 
ing of the tail or rubbing of the rump against 
the stall or passing manure often. The animal 
is in poor condition, does not shed his coat, pot- 
bellied, the appetite is poor, eats dirt, craves salt, 
or constipation or diarrhoea may be noticed. We 
may find white spots on the anus, but the best 
and surest way is to see the worms. 

Treatment — Treatment is much more success- 
ful after a long fast and the worm medicine, 



10 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

followed by a physic. The best worm medicine 
is: Turpentine, santonin, tartar emetic, creolin, 
and infusions of tobacco. For tape worms give 
areca nut, male fern, or pumpkin seeds. If the 
horse is troubled with round worms, give one 
ounce of turpentine in two or three ounces of 
raw linseed oil, two or three times daily, and 
follow the fourth day with a physic. If the horse 
has rectal worms give injections of tobacco for 
a few days and follow the fourth day with a 
physic. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER 
OR HEPATITIS 

The symptoms are dullness, constipation and 
clay-colored dung balls, scanty and highly colored 
urine, and internal pain in general. If examined 
closely he is swollen on the right side over the 
last ribs and he always lies on his left side and 
turns his head back to his right side. Lameness 
in front and of the right leg mainly. At the end 
he staggers and reels and falls backward and 
dies in one of these fits. 

Causes — The most general cause is over-feed- 
ing in hot weather with little exercise. The 
mechanical causes are worms in the liver, in- 
juries to the right side over the liver, foreign 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE H 

bodies that have entered the stomach and passed 
into the liver and sometimes it comes from in- 
inflammation of some adjoining part inside. 

Treatment — First a good physic that will work 
on the liver — aloes is preferable. Blood-letting 
is advisable if the animal is strong enough, four 
or five quarts out of the jugular vein. Table- 
spoonful of Glaubers salts in bran mashes or 
some soft food. If recovery takes place be care- 
ful and give plenty of exercise for some time. 

BLOODY URINE OR HEMATURIA 
In the horse bloody urine is usually the result 
of direct mechanical injuries, sprains, or frac- 
tures of the loins, or irritation caused by stone 
in the kidney, ureter, bladder or urethra. It may 
occur with acute congestion of the kidneys or 
diseased growth in the bladder. The urine may 
be streaked with blood or it may appear in small 
clots. If the cause comes from the kidneys it 
will be mixed with the urine and if it is from 
the bladder it will come in clots. 

Treatment — The disease being due to direct 
injury, treatment will consist in removing the 
cause whenever possible and then apply styptics. 
Irritants in the food must be avoided, sprains 
treated according to the condition and stone in 
the bladder or urethra removed. Give mucilagi- 
nous drinks, as slippery elm or linseed tea, and 



12 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

some of the following styptics: Tincture of 
chloride of iron in three-dram doses or oil of tur- 
pentine in one-ounce doses. If the discharge is 
great apply cold water to the loins and keep the 
animal perfectly quiet. 

AZOTURIA 

This disease is known by many different names 
— Azoturia, Bloody Urine, Black Water, Monday 
Morning Disease, Kidney Trouble and Hemo- 
globinuria. This disease can be kept off by proper 
feeding as the cause comes from standing in the 
stable eating rich feed and no exercise. It never 
occurs when the animal is at pasture or at daily 
work. The poisoning is not present when the 
animal leaves the stable, but starts after it has 
gone the first hundred yards or half-mile. It 
seems that the veins are full of rich blood and 
the kidneys cannot carry off the poison fast 
enough. Mares are more subject to this disease 
than geldings because they are more excitable. 

Symptoms — In mild forms the animal may 
appear to just be lame in one hind limb. In severe 
forms the animal leaves the stable playing, but 
before it has gone many paces it begins to sweat, 
get stiff behind and seems to have lost all life. 
It will tremble, heave in the flanks, dilate its nos- 
trils, breathe hard, the muscles in the region of 
the loin become rigid, he soon becomes crouched 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 13 

behind and soon goes down, not able to hold up 
his weight on the hind limbs. When the animal 
is down it is continually in a jerk, the eyes become 
red and if the urine is passed or drawn it is dark 
brown, red or black. It may end fatally in a few 
hours or recovery will begin at once. If the 
animal lies long he may have a paralysis of the 
hind limbs which may last for months. 

Prevention — The animal when at rest should 
have its ration cut down almost half, and should 
have some daily exercise, and above all, keep its 
bowels in good condition. 

Treatment— -In mild cases the animal should 
have good laxative such as raw linseed oil in pint 
doses with two tablespoonfuls of turpentine to 
the pint. When the animal starts to get stiff it 
should be stopped at once. Don't try to move it 
to a barn until all the stiffness leaves. In severe 
cases always give a good physic such as raw oil 
or aloes in six-dram doses. Draw the water and 
keep the animal perfectly quiet and warm. Use 
hot applications across the region of the kidneys 
and give one ounce of saltpetre three times daily 
and repeat your physic every two days until the 
animal is ready for work. After your hot appli- 
cations bathe the rigid muscles with a stimulating 
liniment, as equal parts of aqua ammonia and 
sweet oil. When the patient is down, do plenty 
of rubbing and moving of the legs. 



14 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE 
KIDNEYS OR ACUTE NEPHRITIS 

Inflammation of the kidneys may be divided 
into two forms — acute and chronic. 

Causes — The causes of this disease are varied. 
Congestion occurs from the bad products passed 
through these organs during the recovery from 
inflammation of other organs and during fever, 
diseases of the bladder preventing the escape of 
urine from the kidneys and causing fullness will 
cause inflammation. The bacteria passing up- 
ward from the bladder to the kidneys is another 
cause. The eating of irritant food, the absorp- 
tion of blisters placed over the kidney, and 
administration of medicine, the presence of stones 
in the kidney and infliction of blows or sprains 
over the loins may produce inflammation. 

Symptoms — More or less fever, stiffness of 
the back, straddling gait in the hind limbs, dif- 
ficulty 'in lying down and getting up, arching of 
the loins, looking back at the abdomen as if in 
colicky pains, and tenderness of the loins to 
pinching. The urine is passed often and is some- 
times streaked with blood or even pus. The legs 
swell from the foot up and sometimes swelling 
is seen under the abdomen. 

Treatment — If the cause can be found, remove 
it first. Let the bowels do the work of the kid- 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 15 

neys by giving a physic of castor oil, as this 
physic will act less on the kidneys. There can 
be from four to five quarts of blood drawn if the 
animal is not weak or has no fever. The pain 
may be stopped by giving dram doses of bromide 
of potassium. Use boiled flaxseed in the drink- 
ing water and hot towels over the region of the 
loins. When the action of the bowels is started 
they may be kept moving by giving four to five 
ounces of Glaubers salts each day. 

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE 
KIDNEYS 

This will start the same as the acute, but can- 
not be stopped so easily. It may start from blows, 
injuries, or it will be connected with faulty con- 
ditions of the system, as indigestion, heart dis- 
ease, or imperfect blood formation. It is rather 
an attendant on some constitutional disease than 
in a simple local injury. 

Symptoms — The symptoms may include stiff- 
ness, weakness, sensibility over the loins, and 
modified secretion of the urine. Dropsy, swollen 
legs, scurvy, unthrifty skin, inability to stand 
work, poor or irregular appetite, loss of fat or 
flesh, and often skin eruptions of various kinds. 

Treatment — This is not always satisfactory as 
the cause may be in some other part of the sys- 
tem. If any disorder can be detected it should 



16 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

be treated first. Give tonics first. Give the fol- 
lowing: Phosphate of iron, two drams; nux 
vomica, twenty grains; powdered gentian root, 
four drams. Give this amount daily. If there 
are any of the acute symptoms such as tender- 
ness of the loins use the same treatment as in the 
acute form. Always clothe according to the 
season and have plenty of fresh air. 

EVERSION OF THE BLADDER. 
This can only occur in the female. It consists 
in the turning of the organ outside in through 
the channel of the urethra so that it appears as 
a pear-shaped mass hanging from the floor of the 
vulva and protruding externally through the lips. 
It varies in size from that of your fist to that of 
a baby's head. The urine may ooze out around 
it drop by drop. This condition comes from a 
bad condition of the bladder, the result of par- 
alysis, over-distention or from difficult parturi- 
tion. To replace this it should be washed with a 
solution of one ounce of laudanum and a tea- 
spoonful of carbolic acid to a quart of warm 
water and returned with the hand if possible; if 
not, it should be wound tight with a two-inch 
bandage so as to diminish the large bulky mass 
and then pushed back with some rounded object. 
After it is returned the straining can be kept in 
check by giving laudanum in one or two-ounce 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 17 

doses or by applying a truss of some kind to 
press on the lips of the vulva. The animal should 
be placed with the front feet a few inches lower 
than the hind ones. 

DISCHARGE OF URINE BY THE NAVEL 
OR PERSISTENT URACHUS 
This occurs only in the new-born and is the 
nonclosure of the natural channel through which 
the urine is discharged into the outer bag in fetal 
life. At birth this channel is supposed to close 
and the urine take its natural course. Imper- 
fect closure is more frequent in the male than in 
the female. In the female the water passes in a 
few drops and in the male it flows in a stream. 
The first thing is to pass a human catheter and 
see that everything is open and then take a waxed 
thread carried through the tissues with a needle 
and tie it around the navel cord so as to envelop 
as little of the skin as possible. If a long navel 
cord is present you can tie around it. It is im- 
portant to tie as soon as possible to prevent in- 
flammation of the navel from the contact of the 
urine. In the summer a little carbolic acid water 
or tar water should be used to keep off the flies. 

TUMOR IN THE NOSTRILS 
A small tumor is often found in the false nostril 
which rises and falls when the horse is exerted. 
This tumor contains matter or a cheesy pus. 



18 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

Treatment — If the tumor is well opened and the 
matter squeezed out nature will perform a cure. 
The opening should be made on the inside. Get 
the animal quiet and if necessary put a twitch on 
the ear or lower jaw, run one finger against the 
tumor and open with the opposite hand. Make 
the opening large enough to allow all the pus to 
escape. Do not be alarmed if you get a little 
blood for it will stop in due time. Squeeze the 
pus out and keep the wound clean. 

COLD IN THE HEAD OR NASAL 
CATARRH 

In nasal catarrh the inflammation may extend 
from the membrane lining of the nose to the 
throat and eyes. The causes are general and it 
almost always appears in young animals. 

Symptoms — At the beginning the membranes 
are dry, congested and of a pinkish red color. 
Soon a watery discharge makes its appearance 
from the eyes and nostrils, the animal has some 
fever, is dull, sneezes and snorts. He expels the 
air through the nostrils the same as if he was 
blowing his nose. A few days after the attack 
begins the discharge changes to thick yellowish 
pus. Often the appetite is lost and the animal 
becomes debilitated. 

Treatment — This disease is not serious if taken 
care of, but bad treatment or neglect may lead to 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 19 

some other disease or cause this to become 
chronic. A few days' rest with pure air and good 
food is generally better than medicine. Steam- 
ing is very beneficial. Put a little dry hay in a 
large wooden bucket with one ounce oil of tur- 
pentine and two ounces oil of tar and pour over 
this boiling water and let the animal inhale the 
steam, very slowly at first, but after he has taken 
it awhile you can cover his head and let him have 
all that he can get. This can be repeated three or 
four times daily if necessary. Keep the bowels 
in good shape, and attention should be paid to the 
diet — bran mashes, scalded oats, linseed gruel or 
grass, if in season. If the horse will not eat this 
let him have any kind of food rather than keep 
him on short rations. This is all that is needed 
in mild cases, but if it continues to get worse, 
give four-ounce solution of acetate of ammonia 
and three drams of powdered chlorate of po- 
tassium in a pint of warm water three times daily 
as a drench. Be careful in drenching an animal 
with sore throat; do not hit his throat to make 
him swallow, but take 3 r our time and do it right. 

SORE THROAT OR LARYNGITIS 
The larynx is situated in the space between the 
lower jawbones just back of the root of the 
tongue. Posteriorly it opens into and is con- 
tinuous with the windpipe. It dilates and con- 



20 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

tracts to a certain extent and regulates the 
amount of air passing through it. The mucous 
membrane lining it is so highly sensitive that if 
the smallest particle of food happens to drop into 
it from the pharynx the animal will cough vio- 
lently until the source of irritation has left. The 
larynx is a provision of nature to prevent foreign 
substances from getting into the lungs. Inflamma- 
tion of the larynx is always known as sore throat 
and is caused principally by chilling and exposure. 

Symptoms — The first symptoms will be cough- 
ing followed by difficulty in swallowing, which 
is due to the soreness of the membranes which 
may cause much pain. In many cases it becomes 
so sore that the food and water is returned 
through the nose. The head is more or less 
poked out and the glands between the lower jaw- 
bones and below the ears may be swollen. The 
membrane in the nose becomes red and a dis- 
charge from the nostrils soon appears. Pressure 
on the throat will cause coughing. As the dis- 
ease advances the breathing becomes noisy and a 
harsh snore is heard with every respiration. The 
breathing becomes hurried and sometimes the 
animal is threatened with suffocation. 

Treatment — Steam the nostrils with tar and 
turpentine and cause as much of the steam to be 
inhaled as possible. Place the animal in comfort- 
able quarters, clothe according to the weather, 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 21 

bandage the legs, and keep plenty of fresh air. 
The diet should consist of soft food as, bran 
mashes, scalded oats, linseed gruel and best of 
all grass, if in season. The place to eat should 
always be about the same height that the ani- 
mal holds its head. If the glands are swollen 
they should be bathed with the following lini- 
ment: Two ounces olive oil, one ounce each of 
solution of ammonia and tincture of cantharides, 
and four ounces of water. Bathe twice daily. 
If necessary you can blister the swollen parts 
and as soon as it is drawn to a head it must 
be opened and treated the same as any abscess. 
The best internal treatment is: Three ounces 
vaseline, one ounce oil of tar, one dram tincture 
of aconite, three drams of sulphur; mix and put 
a tablespoonful well back on the tongue after each 
feed. In bad cases, where suffocation is near, 
you should have some competent surgeon to put 
a tube in the windpipe. 

CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS 
Congestion is an excess amount of blood in 
the blood vessels that lead to the lungs. Con- 
gestion of the lungs in the horse, when it exists 
as a disease of itself, is generally or always caused 
by over exertion, when the animal is not in fit 
condition to undergo it. In most cases what is 
recognized as congestion is nothing more than 



22 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

exhaustion. The animal should always be put 
in condition before hard work is started. If a 
horse is kept in the stable for the purpose of 
putting on flesh and then taken out and given a 
hard drive, he may start off in high spirits, but 
soon become exhausted, and if pushed will slacken 
his pace, show a desire to stop, stagger and even 
fall. On examination the nostrils are dilated, the 
flanks heaving, the countenance haggard and has 
the appearance of suffocation. The heart is not 
accustomed to the severe strain put on it and it 
becomes unable to care for the blood which is 
accumulated in the lungs and brings on conges- 
tion. The animal may return to the stable with- 
out any alarming symptoms, but as soon as it is 
placed in the stall it will stand with its head down, 
legs spread out, the eyes wildly staring or dull 
and sunken, the breathing very rapid, the body 
is covered with sweat which soon evaporates and 
leaves the surface of the body, the legs and ears 
cold. This disease is very often followed by more 
serious ones. 

Treatment — If the animal is attacked with this 
disease on the road, do not attempt to return to 
the stable, but stop no matter where you are. If 
he is in the stable you must supply him with an 
unlimited amount of fresh air. If the weather 
is warm put him out of doors, keep him perfectly 
quiet for he has all he can do to get his breath. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 23 

Rub the body well and keep up all the circulation 
possible and give one-half pint of whiskey in 
warm milk every hour. If this is not at hand give 
two oz. turpentine in a pint of warm milk, but do 
not repeat. Two oz. each of nitrous ether and 
alcohol in a pint of water is the most helpful medi- 
cine. When the animal is in shape for use again 
he should be put in condition before hard work. 
HEAVES OR ASTHMA 

There is a great difference among horsemen 
and veterinaries in regard to heaves. There are 
many causes for this disease, such as feeding of 
dusty hay, bad straw or moldy feed of any kind 
and keeping the horse in a dusty place. Horses 
brought from a high to a low level are predis- 
posed. This disease affects the digestive tract 
and the lungs. 

As for a cure there is none. All that can be 
done is to feed damp feed and keep the animal 
able for work. Fowler's solution of arsenic given 
in the feed twice daily is very beneficial. The 
heaves can be shut down for a while and the ani- 
mal will appear well for a while, but this is in- 
jurious to the animal, and we will not prescribe 
for this. 

BLEEDING FROM THE LUNGS OR 
HEMOPTYSIS 

An accident or over-exertion may rupture a 
blood vessel of the lungs and cause bleeding, but 



24 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

it generally follows pneumonia, influenza, bron- 
chitis or congestion of the lungs. Pneumonia may 
follow a ruptured blood vessel or the blood may 
fill up the bronchial tubes and cause suffocation. 
When bleeding comes from the lungs it is accom- 
panied by coughing, the blood is frothy, bright 
red in color and comes from both nostrils. If 
the bleeding is from the lungs a gurgling or 
rattling sound can be heard by placing the ear 
over the windpipe. When this comes in connec- 
tion with other diseases it needs but little atten- 
tion. When it comes from other causes the 
animal should be kept quiet and given one dram 
of acetate of lead dissolved in one pint of warm 
water, or you can give one ounce of tincture of 
perchloride of iron in water in place of the lead. 
Hemorrhage of the lungs may occur and cause 
death without the least sign of the discharge of 
blood from the nostrils. 

THUMPS 
OR SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM 
Thumps are often mistaken for palpitation of 
the heart and they must not be looked upon as 
the same. Thumps in the animal are the same 
or similar to hiccoughs in man. If this is watched 
closely there should be no trouble in distinguish- 
ing this from palpitation of the heart. The 
jerky motion affects the whole body in thumps. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 25 

If one hand is placed over the heart and the 
other over the last ribs you will find the same 
jerk both places and the heart action will be 
weaker than normal. 

Treatment — The treatment should be similar 
to that of congestion of the lungs. Antispas- 
modics, such as one ounce of sulphuric ether in 
warm water or three drams of asafetida in warm 
milk. 

DISTEMPER OR STRANGLES 
This is an infectious disease of the horse and 
is most frequently seen in young animals and 
one attack usually protects the animal from any 
future trouble of this kind. It begins as a fever 
and usually in a few days it forms an abscess 
in some portion of the air passages and often 
in other parts of the body. 

Causes — It generally comes from the animal 
coming in direct contact with a sick horse or 
being where there has been a sick one. An 
animal very seldom has this disease after it is 
past the age of six. The most common way of 
the horse getting this disease is to take a young 
horse from the country to a city and leave him 
in some public hitching place. It is usually from 
two to four days after exposure before the animal 
takes the disease. 

Symptoms — At first the animal becomes slug- 



26 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

gish, goes off its feed, is very thirsty, eyes water, 
has a light cough which becomes more severe as 
the disease advances. In a few days there is a 
watery discharge from the nostrils which soon 
becomes more thick and sticky and finally forms 
a yellowish pus. Soon after the discharge is seen, 
a swelling comes under the jaw, which is very 
hot at first but after treatment there is pus formed 
and if not opened it will finally break. After the 
pus is well formed the fever generally leaves. 
Old horses might have this disease, but it is al- 
ways in a light form. If this disease is not taken 
care of there is much danger of complications. 

Treatment — The ordinary case of distemper 
needs but little treatment outside of soft feed 
and protection from bad weather. If the animal 
has much fever give quinine in dram doses and 
keep the bowels loose. Steaming the head with 
tar and turpentine in a bucket of hay and hot 
water, cleanses the head and eases the cough. 
The swelling of the glands should be poulticed 
but not blistered. As soon as the swellings be- 
come soft they should be opened. For prevention 
and cure of light cases give the distemper pre- 
scription, given in the back of this book. 

INFLUENZA 
Influenza is a contagious and infectious fever 
that affects the horse, ass, and mule. After the 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 27 

animal has one attack it usually protects it from 
any further trouble, but it is possible for it to 
have a second one. This is more common in the 
young horse that is taken from the farm into the 
cities, especially those that go through the stock- 
yards or those that are shipped in a dirty stock 
car. After this disease starts through a stable, 
where there are more horses, as a rule every 
horse will have it. 

Symptoms — After a well horse is exposed to 
this disease it usually takes from three to seven 
days for the symptoms to develop. This may run 
a simple course and the animal may never go off 
his feed, or it may develop in the fever form 
from the beginning. The first noticeable symp- 
toms are high fever, chills of part or all of the 
body, the patient pays no attention to any noise, 
the body temperature runs from 103 to 107 F., 
the hair becomes dry and rough, the breathing 
becomes hard, and patient has a very staggering 
gait when he is made to move. We may have 
complications with this disease such as compli- 
cations of the intestines, lungs, brain, pleura, 
and of the heart. Influenza is never very serious 
only when we have complications. 

Treatment — If the appetite remains good, give 
a moderate quantity of sound feed, and always 
grass, if in season. The patient should be placed 
in a well ventilated box stall, away from all other 



28 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

stock. Give cold water injections to reduce the 
temperature. If he becomes cold rub him well 
with some weak liniment and put on a heavy 
blanket. Give quinine in one-dram doses three 
times daily. In case of weak heart give digitalis. 
When recovery has begun and the animal is very 
weak give one-half pint of whiskey or brandy 
three times daily. Always use our distemper 
powder all through the disease. 

ABORTION 

Abortion is the expulsion of the impregnated 
ovum at any time after the impregnation, before 
the foal can live out of the womb. If the foal is 
advanced enough to live it is premature parturi- 
tion or birth and may occur as early as the tenth 
month or three-hundredth day. 

The mare may abort from many causes, such 
as inflammation of the internal organs (bowels, 
kidneys, bladder or lungs), diarrhoea, constipa- 
tion, bad food, indigestion, blows to the abdomen, 
rapid riding or driving, shipping, bleeding, trav- 
eling or pulling on muddy roads, slipping or 
falling, eating rye, frosted foods, bad water, and 
bad condition of the dam. 

The symptoms vary according to the time of 
the abortion, if it occurs as early as the first 
month, there is but very little change only that the 
mare comes in heat. If it occurs later there will 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 29 

be more general disturbances and the process will 
resemble normal parturition. There will be 
straining and swelling of the vulva with mucous 
or bloody discharge, the abdomen drops, the 
flanks fall in, the udder fills, the mare becomes 
restless, paws, looks at her sides, switches her 
tail, moves around uneasily, lies down, gets up 
and as in natural foaling, she will expel some 
mucus and blood and then the water and finally 
the fcetus. This may take up some time. If the 
fcetus is not coming right, it will have to be 
straightened, the same as in difficult foaling. 
Abortion may be followed by flooding, retention 
of the afterbirth, and whites. The most impor- 
tant part is to notice this as soon as possible and 
prevent it by removing the cause, if possible. 

Treatment — Should be preventive if possible. 
Always avoid diarrhoea, constipation, indigestion, 
painful operations and slippery roads. When 
abortion is near at hand the mare should be 
placed in a dark roomy box stall and the strain- 
ing stopped as soon as possible by giving some 
sedative. Laudanum is usually given in from 
one to two-ounce doses, according to the size of 
the patient, and repeated in from four to five 
hours, if necessary. When everything fails and 
miscarriage proceeds, all you can do is to assist 
in removing the foal and its afterbirth. In bad 
cases it is necessary to use antiseptic injections 



30 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

into the womb to prevent any form of poisoning. 
This is less frequent in the mare than in the cow. 
After abortion there should be a general cleaning 
with antiseptics which will prevent it from be- 
coming contagious among your stock. 

AVERSION OF THE WOMB 
When the womb fails to contract after difficult 
parturition, the after-pains will sometimes cause 
the womb to evert back through the vagina until 
the whole organ appears externally and hangs 
down on the thighs. When the womb is returned 
it is most easily done in a standing position. The 
womb should be washed clean and some kind of 
a clean sheet placed over it to prevent any foreign 
bodies from going back with it. You should have 
an attendant to hold it up while you begin to put 
it back at the loose part next to the vagina. 
There is no danger as long as you do not rupture 
the delicate covering of it. After it is well in it 
should be carefully moved backward and down 
until it drops back to its place. There can be 
three or four stitches taken in the vulva or you 
can use some form of a truss made out of two 
ropes which will help keep the animal from ex- 
pelling the organ. If the straining keeps up, you 
can give opium in dram doses in warm water or 
chloral hydrate in ounce doses in one-half pint 
of warm water. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 31 

SUN STROKE OR HEAT STROKE 

This term does not only apply to the direct rays 
of the sun, but exhaustion produced by violent 
work in hot weather, such as racing, or the use 
of draft horses in the heat without the proper 
care, and water. 

Symptoms — Sunstroke comes on suddenly. 
The animal stops, drops its head, begins to stag- 
ger and soon falls unconscious. The pulse is 
very slow and irregular, sweat breaks out in 
patches and the temperature sometimes runs as 
high as 109 degrees F. If this is not treated at 
once, the animal will die without regaining con- 
sciousness. Heat exhaustion comes on more 
slowly. The animal seems tired and has to be 
urged along. The sweat checks, the gait is 
awkward, he pants, the eyes are bloodshot and 
he soon falls. It takes some time for recovery, 
if it is treated successfully. 

Treatment — In both forms, use cold water or 
ice packs on the head and spine and spray the 
body all over with cold water. Give half-pint 
of whiskey in warm milk and repeat every hour 
with half this much until the temperature is down 
and the pulse slower and stronger. Give tonics 
while the animal is recovering, as sulphate of 
iron, one ounce; powdered ginger, two ounces; 
powdered gentian, two ounces, and ground flax- 



32 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

seed meal to make one-half pound. Give table- 
spoonful in each feed. 

FORAGE POISONING 
OR CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS 

This comes in all localities and consists in a 
poisoning from the food or water. It comes from 
bad ensilage, bad corn, brewer's grain, bad oats, 
pond water, and the most important one is from 
the grass. Horses and mules of all ages are 
subject to this disease. 

Symptoms — From the first the animal has a 
staggering gait, weak, hard for it to swallow, 
bad eyesight, twitching of the muscles and severe 
lameness behind, especially in grass poisoning 
In fatal cases, the whole body becomes paralyzed, 
and the animal becomes delirious. Death usually 
comes in these cases in from twenty-four to 
thirty-six hours. 

Treatment — In the worst cases the treatment 
is of but little benefit. If the animal is able to 
swallow, give six ounces of whiskey in a pint of 
warm milk. If he is delirious, let him smell of 
weakened aqua ammonia. In the lighter cases 
the animal should be given a heavy physic 
followed with two grains of strychnine twice 
daily. When the patient begins to eat let him 
have any kind of food he can eat. Any kind of 
nourishment he will take and plenty of fresh 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 33 

water. Keep him in a good clean place with 
plenty of fresh air. 

RUPTURE OF AN ARTERY 
If a large artery is ruptured, it does not take 
long for death to follow. Rupture may be pro- 
duced by mechanical violence or accidentally. 

Symptoms — In fatal cases where there is 
much bleeding the animal becomes weak, the 
breathing hurried, eyes dilated, staggering in 
gait, fainting and then death. When there is a 
limited amount of hemorrhage, it may not be 
noticeable, but if it is near the surface of the 
body it will form a swelling or a bunch similar 
to a tumor. 

Treatment — If the artery is on the outside it 
should be tied or wrapped tight with a bandage. 
When the artery is deep-seated you should give 
large doses of ergot or tannin to contract the 
blood vessels. Give the animal as much cold 
water as possible and plenty of nourishing food. 

TORN EYELIDS 

The eyelids are torn by getting caught on nails, 
racks or mangers, on fences, hame hooks, or 
other parts of the harness. 

Treatment — It should begin as soon as pos- 
sible, the edges should have all hair trimmed off 
and washed thoroughly before it is sewed. 



34 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

Twitch the animal and it can be sewed as well as 
any other part of the body. Be sure and get the 
edges even and the stitches pulled tight. After 
it is sewed it should be washed twice daily with 
a carbolic acid solution. 

SPLINT 

The splint is a bony growth found on the 
cannon bone, between the knee or hock and fet- 
lock joint. They are most commonly found on 
the inside of the leg, but exceptionally found on 
the outside. They vary in size, ranging from 
that of a large nut to that of a small one. In 
searching for them they are very readily felt 
by running the hand down the leg. 

Symptoms — A splint may frequently be the 
cause of lameness, but not always. If this is the 
case, it is very easily detected as the animal 
throws the leg out when it trots. 

Cause — The most common causes are from 
hurts, licks from the opposite foot or bruises of 
any kind. Another common cause is the using 
of the animal at hard work, while it is too young, 
or hard pulling when it is not able for it. 

Treatment — A splint will very often leave 
without any treatment. The first advisable treat- 
ment is the bathing of the leg with tincture of 
iodine. If it does not respond to this, use can- 
tharides or biniodide mercury blister. If this is 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 35 

without success take the animal to some compe- 
tent veterinary and have it fired. 

RINGBONE 

A ringbone is a bony growth which extends 
around, or partly around, the coronary band or 
top of the hoof. Owing to the location it is 
divided into three classes : high, middle, and low. 
The high and middle hardly ever extend around 
the foot. 

Cause — As with splints,, it may result from 
severe labor in early life, or caused from bruises, 
blows, sprains, injuries to the tendons, ligaments, 
or joints. It may be caused by disease of the foot 
or may be hereditary. 

Symptoms — A horse may come out of the 
stable very lame, but after it has been used a 
short time it goes sound. The size of the ring- 
bone does not determine the amount of lameness, 
for the smallest ringbone sometimes causes the 
lamest horse. 

Treatment — The preventive treatment con- 
sists in keeping the colt's feet well trimmed and 
properly balanced. 

As long as there is inflammation a sharp blis- 
ter of cantharides or biniodide of mercury will 
do good if the animal is allowed to rest for four 
or five weeks. If this is not a satisfactory treat- 
ment the firing iron must be resorted to. 



36 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

SIDEBONES 

A sidebone consists in the hardening of the 
lateral cartilages found on the wings of the coffin 
bone. Sidebones are most always found on the 
front feet, but occasionally on the back ones. 
They are of little importance on the hind ones. 
A sidebone causes no lameness, only when it 
interferes with the action of the joint. 

Cause — Sidebones often come on heavy horses 
without any apparent injury. Blows or other in- 
juries to the cartilage may set up an inflammation 
and terminate in these bony growths. They are 
often seen in connection with contracted heels, 
ringbones, punctured wounds of the foot, quarter 
cracks, and sometimes follow founder. 

Symptoms — In the earlier stages of the dis- 
ease, if inflammation is present, the only evidence 
of the trouble to be detected is a litle fever over 
the seat of the affected cartilage and a slight 
lameness. In the lameness of sidebones the toe 
of the foot strikes the ground and the step is 
shorter than normal. The animal comes out of 
the stable stiff, but is more free after exercise. 

Treatment — As soon as the disease can be de- 
tected, cold water bandages are to be used for a 
few days, to relieve the fever and soreness. This 
should be followed with a good blister. If this 
does not stop the lameness the firing iron must 
be resorted to. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 37 

SPAVIN 

This affection is a bony growth of the hock 
joint. It is generally located on the interior of 
the joint, but it is possible for it to be on the out- 
side. The hock may be spavined and all of the 
outward appearances may be normal. This is 
termed a blind spavin, or jack. In the horse 
world, a spavin and jack are termed the same. 

Causes — There are many, of which I will men- 
tion a few: sprain, violent efforts in jumping, 
galloping or trotting under the whip or spur, ex- 
ertion of starting a heavy load, a misstep, slip- 
ping on an icy surface, slipping with worn shoes 
on a bad pavement, or it may be hereditary. 

Symptoms — The main symptom is the position 
while standing. The leg is carried inward and 
the heel of the shoe rests on the toe of the oppo- 
site foot. Some horses show the lameness more 
when they first start, while others show it more 
after they have been driven some distance. If the 
hock is examined closely, there is generally some 
sign of fever at the point of affection. One of the 
main ways to discover it is to stand off some dis- 
tance and watch the animal move — any close 
observer will notice the peculiar action of the 
affected hock joint. 

Treatment — Always beware of fake advertis- 
ers. Put the animal at rest at least for a month 
and longer if possible. Any good blister or lini- 



38 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

ment that will lower the tension of the blood 
vessels is advisable. Cantharides is my favorite 
blister for bony growths. Use this blister every 
second day until you have a heavy blister. As in 
other bony growths, if it will not yield to the 
blister, the firing iron will have to be used by 
some competent veterinary. 

SPAVIN BOG— THOROPIN 

Bog spavin, blood spavin, and thoropin, all 
come under the same heading. The bog spavin 
is a round, smooth, well defined tumor ; is situated 
in front and a little inward of the hock. On 
pressure it disappears to reappear on the outside 
of the hock. The thoropin is found at the back 
and on the top of the hock in that part known 
as the hollows. It can be seen on both sides and 
just in front of what is known as the ham-string. 

Treatment — Always rest, and strong liniments 
and blisters if necessary. 

OPEN JOINTS, BROKEN KNEE, 

SYNOVITIS OR ARTHRITIS 

The close relationship of these diseases and 

their connection in regard to origin, symptoms 

and treatment is my reason for taking them 

together. 

Causes — These are many and general, of which 
I will mention a few : blows, bruises, kicks, falls, 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 39 

lacerations, hurts in every form, overloading of 
draft horses, racing, stumbling, falling on the 
knees, pawing and hitting the knees against the 
manger, a blow received from a careless hostler, 
or a jab with a fork often ends in a broken knee 
or hock. Open joints generally start from a 
bruise or a scratch when there is no care taken 
of it until suppuration takes place. 

Symptoms — Starts with a slight bruise or 
sprain. The swelling usually starts with a slight 
discharge, the tendons divide, the joints open and 
let out the joint water, the joint divides and we 
have a broken knee, then we have blood poison 
and death. 

Treatment — In case of simple bruises, use 
simple remedies, such as warm fomentations or 
cold applications. When the skin is broken, use 
antiseptic dressings as those of the carbolic acid 
order. Where the joint water is escaping use 
collodion dressings. Improvement in those cases 
will be slow. After all discharge has ceased and 
the wound has healed a blister should be applied 
to prevent having a large bunch left. If neces- 
sary the patient can be placed in a swing. 

SHOULDER LAMENESS 
The shoulder is not very often the seat of lame- 
ness because it is very strong and has very large 
muscular attachments. Slip of the shoulder is 



40 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

the common term applied to shoulder lameness. 

Causes — A fall, starting of a heavy load, a 
slip on an icy road, the feet balling up with snow 
and collision with another horse or some solid 
object. 

Symptoms — The most convincing symptom of 
shoulder lameness is Sweeny or the shrinking of 
the shoulder muscles. We may either have swell- 
ing or fever in the shoulder. The animal keeps 
the foot forward and is always unable to flex or 
extend it in backing and uses the opposite foot 
for a pivot in turning around. 

Treatment — In all cases rest, and plenty of it; 
good strong liniments or applications of iodine, 
belladonna, or camphor, or hot or cold applica- 
tions. Always, in case of Sweeny, use strong 
blisters with plenty of rubbing, and manipulating 
of the skin. The duration of the treatment must 
be governed by the effects. 

CURB 
A curb is the bulging backward of the poste- 
rior part of the hock, where in the normal state 
there should be a straight line, extending from 
the upper end of the joint of the hock down to the 
fetlock. The cause is a sprain or a bruise to 
the tendon which passes on the posterior part of 
the hock. Some horses have what we call a curby 
leg which is more subject to this than others. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 41 

Symptoms — A hock affected with curb will 
present more or less swelling with varying de- 
grees of heat or soreness and may be accompanied 
by lameness. Some curbs do not cause lameness 
and others just cause it as the horse starts out 
after standing, but leaves it after walking a short 
distance. A curb is considered an unsoundness, 
but the after effect is not considered serious. 

Treatment — The easy way to remove a curb 
is to begin when it begins forming. The best 
results are obtained from the constant use of ice 
poultices. But if it becomes chronic we have to 
resort to absorbents. Use a cantharides blister 
or do plenty of rubbing with iodine ointment.- The 
absorbent blister given in the prescription list in 
the back of this book is very beneficial. If the 
lameness gets too severe we have to resort to the 
firing iron. 

CAPPED ELBOW 

Capped elbow or shoe boil is the term applied 
to an enlargement found at the point of the elbow. 

Causes — The horse does not lie directly on the 
breastbone, but more on the side, with the front 
foot under him and the hoof or shoe in direct 
contact with the elbow which is often bruised and 
starts a shoe boil. 

Symptoms — The joint at the elbow becomes 
swollen and tender and has much fever and pain 



42 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

in it. It may or may not cause lamenesss. It 
may disappear in time or it may form a fluctuat- 
ing tumor. This tumor will become soft and 
when tapped there will be an escape of blood, 
serum or pus. At times, after they are opened, 
they will heal up and not leave any trace while 
at others there will be a sack left. In some cases 
this sack will fill up and become very hard. 

Treatment — When it is soft it should be opened 
and treated the same as a straight wound. If 
the recurring is the bad feature, we should look 
to the shoeing and shorten the inside of the front 
shoes. If it is bruised with the hoof it will have 
to be padded. In some cases the boil must be 
bathed with iodine or blistered very heavy. In 
case of hard formation the knife must be re- 
sorted to. 

INTERFERING OR SPEEDY CUTS 
Interfering is the term applied when the 
trouble is on the inside of the fetlock, either in 
front or behind. Speedy cuts is when the trouble 
is on the inside of the forelegs any place below 
the knees. 

Symptoms — Sometimes the injury is so slight 
that the hair is just knocked off or the skin just 
broken. At others the pain is so severe that the 
animal carries the foot for some time. When 
the horse interferes just a little it is followed by 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 43 

a more severe knock. It may cause the leg to 
swell and the foot may become very feverish, and 
in some cases the foot cannot be put to the 
ground. 

Treatment — As in all slight bruises use hot 
applications and follow with any good stimulat- 
ing liniment. In case of swelling use cold appli- 
cations and tight bandages. In suppuration use 
ground flaxseed meal poultices. When an abscess 
has formed it should be very carefully opened and 
treated the same as a clean wound, until after it 
has healed and then it will leave a small callous 
place which must be removed with a blister. 
When there is no pus, but an enlargement, it 
should have a pin-pointed firing. Shoe according 
to the action of the animal. 

STRINGHALT 

This is an involuntary movement of one or both 
hind legs in which the foot is spasmodically 
lifted from the ground much higher than nor- 
mally carried. This may just appear as the 
animal is taken from the stable and then leave. 
Sometimes it is most apparent as the animal trots, 
others at a walk and others as the animal turns 
around. The age of the animal has nothing to 
do with the disease. This is always considered 
an unsoundness. 

Causes — Veterinaries are yet in doubt in re- 



44 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

spect to the cause as well as to its essential 
nature. Whether it results from disease of the 
hock, bad formation, or shortening of the liga- 
ments, a chronic inflammation of the siatic nerve, 
or a disease coming from the spine or whether it 
is purely a muscular lesion. 

Treatment — When there is a cause the treat- 
ment should be directed toward this factor. 
When the trouble is in the hock or foot, treat 
these places alone, use treatment found for these 
particular diseases. If it remains after these 
local lesions have healed, or if you find no cause, 
the best results have followed the sectioning of 
the lateral exteriors of the foot. A competent 
veterinary should do this. 

CONTRACTED HEELS 
OR HOOF BOUND 

This consists in the shrinking of the tissue of 
the foot and occurs in dry stalls or on hard floors. 
This is more common in the forefeet, but is occas- 
ionally found in the hind ones. Usually but one 
foot is affected, but when both are diseased the 
contraction is greater in one than the other. 

Causes — Horses that are raised on wet, marshy 
lands and then taken to cities and kept on dry 
floors are more subject than those raised in a 
dry country. Another common cause is in the 
shoeing, such as rasping the walls, cutting away 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 45 

the frog, heels and bars, high calks and the use 
of nails too near the heels. Contracted heels 
may follow other diseases of the foot. 

Symptoms — The foot loses its shape and the 
walls from the quarter back form a straight line. 
The foot becomes dry and so hard it can scarcely 
be cut, and the heels become rigid and scaly. 
When the disease becomes advanced lameness is 
present and stumbling is very common. When 
the animal leaves the stable he walks on his toe, 
but after exercise he goes sound. He always 
wears the toe of the shoe out first. 

Treatment — Always use preventive measures, 
if possible, by using greasy hoof ointments. Do 
not use calks on the shoes unless it is absolutely 
necessary. When the horse is at steady work, he 
should be reshod once a month. A number of 
shoes are made for contracted heels and many 
are a success, if applied right. I always poultice 
the foot until it is soft and then use a common 
bar shoe with plenty of frog pressure and packed 
with oakum and tar or use a common plate shoe 
and cut in two at the toe and as the foot grows 
out it will spread. If there are complications treat 
them separately. 

OVERREACH 
This is when the shoe of the hind foot strikes 
or injures the heel or quarter of the front foot. 



46 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

It generally occurs in fast horses. In trotters it 
occurs when the horse changes from a trot to 
a run. 

Symptoms — The coronet or quarter is bruised 
or cut. In case the animal catches the shoe of 
the front foot and pulls it, it is known among 
horsemen as grabbing. Horses on the track that 
overreach are bad breakers as the injury keeps 
them excited. 

Treatment — If the injury is slight use cold 
water bandages for a few days. If the parts are 
cut deep they should be poulticed for at least two 
days. If the animal is subject to overreaching 
he should not be driven fast without quarter 
boots. When the animal grabs, the heel of the 
front shoe should be shortened and the toe of the 
hind foot should project out over the shoe. 

CALK WOUNDS 

This generally occurs in heavy draft horses 
that are shod for heavy work. It is generally 
brought on by one horse stepping on the other. 
It most always happens on paved streets or on 
slippery roads and is more common in the fore- 
feet than in the hind ones. 

Treatment — Preventive measures, if possible. 
Boots on the hind legs and blunt corks on the 
outside of the front shoes. In slight bruises or 
injuries use cold water applications and follow 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 47 

with carbolized vaseline. In severe cases poultice 
with ground flaxseed meal and treat according 
to the condition after poulticing. 

COCKED ANKLES OR KNUCKLING 

Knuckling is a partial dislocation of the fet- 
lock joint in which the relative position of the 
pastern bone to the cannon and coronet bones 
are changed. Knuckling is not always consid- 
ered an unsoundness, but causes stumbling and 
fractures to the pasterns. 

Causes — Young foals are subject to this con- 
dition, but in most cases it is only temporary. 
The cause of this is the foal laying with the legs 
flexed before birth. Horses with straight pas- 
terns are more subject to this condition as they 
become old, especially in the hind limbs. Heavy 
work, hilly countries, fast and hard work on race 
tracks are more exciting causes for knuckling. 
Mules are more subject to this in the hind legs 
than the horse. Knuckling may also be produced 
from disease of the tendons and ligaments of 
the legs. 

Treatment — In young foals the only treatment 
necessary is time. When knuckling has com- 
menced in older horses the ligaments and tendons 
must be relieved by proper shoeing. The foot is 
to be prepared for the shoe by shortening the toe 
as much as possible and leave the heels high. If 



48 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

the foot is prepared in the usual way it should be 
thin in front with thick heels or high calks. For 
the hind foot a long-heeled shoe with calks does 
best. 

THRUSH 

This is an excessive secretion of unhealthy 
matter from the frog. It is most always seen on 
the common draft horse and is generally due to 
the care of the animal instead of to the breed. 

Causes — Filthy condition of the stable is the 
main cause. It is more common in the hind feet 
of the mare and in the front feet of the gelding. 
Muddy streets or roads and rough work on stony 
roads are good causes. 

Symptoms — At first there is an excessive mois- 
ture in the frog, accompanied with an offensive 
smell. After a time the discharge begins, at first 
watery and then it becomes thicker and highly 
offensive and gradually the whole frog is eaten 
away. 

Treatment — These are to be treated by cleanli- 
ness, the removal of the cause and a return of the 
frog to its normal condition. The foot should be 
poulticed for a day or two and then well pared 
out and if not in too bad a condition it should be 
dressed with powdered calomel and covered with 
a leather boot, for protection. If in the worst 
stage, always eat it out with butter of antimony. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 49 

CORNS 

Corns are an injury to the sensitive horn of the 
foot where some of the small blood vessels are 
ruptured and a small amount of blood is allowed 
to escape. There are generally three classes of 
corns, the dry, the moist, and those that suppu- 
rate. The front feet are more subject to corns 
than the hind ones. Any breed of horses will 
have corns if the conditions necessary for the 
productions are present but the heavy horses that 
are worked hard on rough roads are most subject. 

Causes — High-heeled shoes, weak feet, long 
feet, horses that are always shod, bad prepara- 
tion of the foot for shoes, small stones, hard 
roads, dry earth and a high-knee actor is a good 
subject. 

Symptoms — In most cases a corn will cause 
enough pain to produce lameness. Often old 
horses have what we term chronic corns. Ap- 
parently it does not lame the animal, but causes 
him to to be restless in the stable and to never 
lie down. In the suppurative corns, the lameness 
disappears as soon as the abscess breaks and the 
pus escapes. In the dry corns, when the patient 
is rested or the foot pared down the lameness 
will leave for the time being. When a corn is 
suspected, the foot should be hit with a hammer, 
which will always cause pain. In a suppurative 
corn the pus is found either by paring the foot 



50 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

out or it will break out at the hair of the hoof. 
Treatment — There are many cures or supposed 
to be cures for corns, but I will try to enumerate 
a few that have been a success for me. First, if 
you can find the cause, remove it. In most cases 
the shoeing is at fault. The best preventive is to 
keep the foot in good shape by using equal parts 
of raw linseed oil and Neat's foot oil. This keeps 
the foot soft and allows no cracking. Use this 
once or twice a week. If it is a dry corn the foot 
should be poulticed for a few days and then the 
corn should be pared out as much as possible but 
do not destroy the soft tissues. After paring it 
out, pour in equal parts of iodine and carbolic 
acid. If the animal must be worked, shoe him 
with a bar shoe and repeat the treatment every 
third day. In the soft corns I think the only 
cure is to cut them all out and dress the wound 
with tincture of aloes or spirits of camphor and 
pack well with oakum every two days until heal- 
ing takes place. In the suppurative corns the 
foot must be well pared out so as to let the pus 
escape. If the pus has worked out through the 
top of the foot there must be drainage made back 
through the sole. Follow this with cold baths 
and apply a little sulphate of iron until the fistu- 
lous tracts become healthy. If the opening wants 
to close up use heavy poultices. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 51 

BRUISES OF THE FROG 
A bruise of the frog is generally caused by- 
stepping on some rough object such as a stone. 
A broad flat foot with a fleshy frog and low heel 
is most liable to this injury. This most always 
happens while the horse is trotting or running. 

Symptoms — Lameness and suppuration around 
the frog are the most prominent symptoms. 
When the animal is at rest the foot is set forward 
with the toe on the ground and the leg flexed at 
the fetlock joint. As soon as the pus escapes the 
lameness disappears. In the severe cases the 
coflin bone becomes involved. 

Treatment — If the lameness is noticed at once 
the foot should be placed in a cold bath to prevent 
suppuration. If suppuration has begun the horn 
of the frog and the bars should be cut away and 
the foot poulticed. When the pus loosens the 
remainder of the horn should be cut away. When 
all the impurities are sloughed away the foot 
should be dressed with any good stimulating- 
dressing, such as tincture of aloes or spirits of 
turpentine and packed well with oakum. Redress 
the wound every second day. 

FOUNDER OR LAMINITIS 
Founder is a simple inflammation of the sensi- 
tive laminse of the foot. 

Causes — The main causes are overfeeding, too 



52 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

much water when warm or overexerted, using 
young horses on hard streets, too much road or 
track work, and very often it follows foaling 
which we call colt founder. 

Symptoms — Founder nearly always affects the 
front feet or may just affect one, and very seldom 
it affects all four. The first symptoms are lame- 
ness, the feet are hot, and the temperature rises, 
the animal shows much pain, the breathing is 
rapid and the nostrils dilated. The bowels are 
loose at first, but soon become impact. The urine 
is scanty, highly colored and the animal tries to 
pass it often. 

Treatment — The treatment should always be 
preventive, if possible. The first thing should al- 
ways be a physic of one quart of raw linseed oil, 
with two tablespoonfuls of turpentine. At first 
the feet should be put in hot water for an hour and 
then changed to cold water and left there until all 
the fever is gone. Give four ounces of saltpetre 
in one pint of warm water and repeat every six 
hours. Remove the shoes but do not pare the feet. 
Put the shoes back on as soon as possible. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE HEEL, 

GREASE HEEL OR CANKER 

This affection has an offensive discharge from 

the glands of the foot. At times the foot and 

heels are feverish, but in most cases there are 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 53 

grape-like projections which give off a greasy- 
discharge. After it has run for some time, the 
heel and frog become implicated and give off the 
same kind of pus. The cause would be the same 
as in any inflammation of the foot: filthy, dirty 
stables, mud left on the legs, following laminitis, 
or swollen legs, but mainly neglect. 

Symptoms — The symptoms are according to 
whether it comes on suddenly or comes on slowly. 
If it comes on suddenly there will be swelling in 
the skin of the heels, with heat, tenderness, itch- 
ing and stiffness which partially leaves after ex- 
ercise. In the slow forms there is just a slight 
swelling after rest with very little heat or in- 
flammation for a week or more. From either 
form there is a slight discharge, but not enough 
to give off the offensive odor. After the swelling 
increases, the hair begins to stand straight out 
and the discharge becomes grayish and milky and 
every time you go near the barn or animal you 
can smell that offensive odor. In some cases the 
grapes form and break open and in others the 
heels break open and give off the discharge. 
When the frog becomes affected this exudate is 
found all around the edges of it and when this is 
let run long and the foot is pared down the secre- 
tion is found all over the flat surface between the 
frog and the wall. 

Treatment — The first thing is cleanliness, but 



54 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

this will not establish a cure. Pure air, nourish- 
ing diet, liberal exercise, avoid mud and cold 
winds. At the beginning benzoated oxide of zinc 
may be used. A good dressing is vaseline one 
ounce, oxide of zinc two drams, iodized phenol 
twenty drops and turpentine ten drops. If the 
surface is swollen and tender use a flaxseed poul- 
tice and follow with the following lotion : Sugar 
of lead, one ounce ; carbolic acid, two drams, and 
water, one quart. If the grapes are found, rub 
them with caustic, such as copperas, lunar 
caustic, or bluestone. If the frog is affected it 
must be pared out to the quick and dressed with 
dry caustic powders, as quicklime, copperas or 
bluestone, and changed each day. 

SCRATCHES, CRACKED HEELS, 
CHAPS OF THE KNEE OR HOCK 
This usually sets in with a swelling, heat, ten- 
derness in the hollow of the heel, stiffness and 
lameness. Very soon the cracks appear and the 
skin becomes thick and rigid. Some of the causes 
are overfeeding of grain, close, hot, dirty stables, 
constant contact with manure and urine, work- 
ing in deep, irritating mud, limestone districts, 
dust in dry weather on dirt roads, snow or 
freezing mud, clipping the heels and overwork 
in bad weather. As soon as this begins the legs 
commence to stock. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 55 

Treatment — First of all, remove the cause. If 
feeding corn, change to oats or bran mashes, and 
give a good physic. If the legs swell give exer- 
cise and plenty of hand rubbing. A good lotion 
to use for a wash after the heels begin to crack 
is : Four drams sugar of lead, ten drops carbolic 
acid to one quart of water. If the heels crack 
and become very hard use the following oint- 
ment: One ounce vaseline, one dram sugar of 
lead, one dram oxide of zinc, and ten drops of 
carbolic acid. 

WARTS 

These are a morbid overgrowth of the super- 
ficial layer of the skin. The small warts which 
come on colts are nothing serious and always 
leave just as quick as they come. If they do not 
leave, cord them with a silk cord. But the large 
warts or cancerous growths are fed by too large 
a blood vessel to cord and should be removed by 
using powdered arsenic. 

Keep the scab rubbed off and dust the arsenic 
on every other day. The wart will begin to dry 
up and crack around the edges and then drop out 
in chunks. After it is all dropped out, the wound 
should be treated just the same as a fresh wound. 

WINDGALLS 

This is a dilated puff found on the posterior 
part of the fetlock joint. They appear in the form 



56 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

of soft tumors and in some cases get to be of very- 
good size. Usually these are painless and only- 
cause lameness when they get large enough to 
interfere with the action of the joint. 

Causes — May be caused by severe labor, heavy 
pulling, fast driving, jumping, and may follow 
internal disorders such as pneumonia, strangles 
or distemper. 

Treatment — In the first stage use cold applica- 
tions through the day and tight bandages at 
night and blisters, if necessary. In the chronic 
cases use blisters four or five times in succession 
and in case of lameness they should be pin-fired. 
In the most severe cases a surgical operation has 
to be resorted to. This operation can be done 
with great success. 

FLYBLOWS 
GRUBS IN THE SKIN 
The following flies deposit their eggs on open 
sores or on wet filthy parts of the skin where 
their grubs give rise to serious trouble : Lucilia 
csesar or bluebottle, Lucilia hominivorax or 
Schrewworm fly, Musca vommetoria or meat 
fly, and Sarcophaga carnaria or flesh fly. To 
prevent their attacks the wet filthy hair should be 
removed and the wounds kept clean and rendered 
antiseptic by a lotion of carbolic acid one part and 
water fifty parts, or by a mixture of one ounce oil 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 57 

of tar in twenty ounces of sweet oil, or by using 
any good antiseptic. 

If the grubs are already present they should be 
picked off and one of these dressings applied. 

STINGS OF BEES, WASPS AND HORNETS 
These are much more irritating than the bites 
of flies, partly because the barbed sting is left in 
the wound. When a swarm attacks an animal 
the result may prove fatal. 

Treatment — The embedded stings should be 
extracted with fine forceps or with the finger 
nails. The application of wet clay or soda or 
ammonia or carbolic acid. Another good lotion 
is sugar of lead two drams, one ounce laudanum 
and water one pint. 

ECZEMA OR INFLAMMATION WITH 
BLISTERS 

This term is applied very generally to eruptions 
of any form that comes on a horse. Eczema may 
appear on any part of the body, but on the horse 
it is more common on the heels and lower part of 
the legs. 

Causes — Constant contact with manure, urine, 
mud, snow, ice, drafts or cold air on wet legs, 
often follows indigestion and sometimes comes 
from the sweat running down the legs. In high 
class horses that are well fed and always kept in 
the stable, eczema may last for years. 



58 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

Treatment — Always give good physic and get 
the blood thin and follow with a tonic, as : Nux 
vomica, two ounces ; gentian, one ounce, and gin- 
ger, two ounces; ground flaxseed meal to make 
twelve ounces. Give one tablespoonful in each 
feed. Or you can give Fowler's solution of ar- 
senic in teaspoonful doses twice daily. If an ex- 
ternal treatment is necessary, soak the scabs in 
fresh sweet oil and wash off with soft water and 
soap and follow with a sulphur ointment and if 
necessary follow this with a mercurial ointment. 

HARNESS GALLS 

Bad fitting harness and saddles are the cause 
of many wounds and abrasions of the skin. 
Horses are subject to this after being kept in the 
stable for some time on a scanty diet, as in the 
winter when he is soft and tender. The chafing 
from the harness is likely to form abrasions and 
then abscesses and finally leave a bad blemish for 
life if it is not attended to at once. 

Treatment — These are easily prevented by get- 
ting the horse in condition before hard work. 
The harness should be kept clean and well fitted. 
Parts of the horse where the harness is most 
likely to chafe, as on the back, should be kept free 
from all dirt. The remedies for harness galls are 
numerous. I will mention just a few : Alcohol, 
one pint in which are well shaken two eggs. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 59 

Sugar of lead, twelve grains ; sulphate of zinc, ten 
grains, to an ounce of water. Carbolic acid oint- 
ment or carbolic acid one part to fifteen parts of 
glycerine. 

BOILS OR FURUNCLES 
These are common on the back, shoulders and 
lower parts of the limbs, mainly because there is 
where chafing occurs. In many cases the cause 
is constitutional or comes from unwholesome diet, 
overwork and general loss of health. Boils differ 
from other pus producing pustules because they 
form deeper in the skin and form more of a core 
and the pus is found around this core. 

Treatment — The most common treatment is to 
use a poultice until the boil becomes soft and then 
cut it open and squeeze out the core and follow 
with an antiseptic dressing. Another good home 
remedy is to blister or use a mixture of sugar and 
soap. Cleanliness of the skin and any good blood 
tonic are necessary. 

FISTULA 

Fistula is applied to any pus forming cavity 
that has no drainage. A fistula comes on any 
part of the body, but is generally known in the 
horse as fistula of the wethers or of the poll or 
poll evil. 

Causes — Fistula as a rule starts from a bruise, 
a wound or long continued irritation of the har- 



60 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

ness. Among the common causes are chafing 
from the halter, hitting the head against a low- 
door, or manger, bad fitting collars or saddle, 
blows from a whip, or the animal rolling on a 
rough object. If a bruise is treated properly, 
there will be no need of having fistula. 

Symptoms — These will vary according to the 
stage of the disease. After an injury we will 
notice the patient being stiff and a slight soreness 
if he be touched in this region. After a day or 
two we will find the parts beginning to swell and 
the main part of the soreness will leave but the 
swollen parts will continue to get larger. This 
enlargement will get soft in one small spot at the 
upper part and if it is not opened it will finally 
break and form a running ulcer. 

Treatment — When the soreness first starts 
you can use cold applications and follow with any 
good absorbent liniment and prevent any further 
trouble. At all stages of this disease give a 
physic and follow with a blood tonic such as 
Fowler's solution of arsenic in teaspoonful doses 
twice daily. After the pus has begun to form 
use hot applications and follow with a light blister 
until the enlargement gets soft, then make an 
opening at the lowest point so as to give a good 
bottom drainage. There are many good fistula 
cures, but the main thing is to use something to 
eat out the tubes which form in this cavity. You 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 61 

will find my treatment with full directions in the 
prescriptions in the back of this book. 

ABSCESS 

An abscess is a cavity containing pus. Ab- 
scesses are caused from a bruise or may follow 
some disease, such as distemper, strangles, ca- 
tarrh, nasal gleet, or may follow pneumonia. 
The glands where it forms swell and become pain- 
ful to the touch. The abscess may become ab- 
sorbed by the blood or may form pus. 

Treatment — If it is noticed when it first begins 
you can use hot applications and follow with some 
mild liniment which in most cases will save tap- 
ping it. But if the pus forms use a strong lini- 
ment and draw the pus to one place and as soon 
as it becomes soft it should be opened at the bot- 
tom of the pus cavity. Keep the wound open 
where it is tapped and cleanse with peroxide of 
hydrogen and follow with carbolic acid wash 
twice daily. 

SUMMER SORES 
These may appear on any part of the body, but 
are more common where the harness touches or 
on the lower part of the limbs. They may vary 
in size from that of a millet seed to an inch in 
diameter. They cause intense itching and the 
victim rubs and bites the parts until they become 
very raw. These sores resist treatment through 



62 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

the summer months, but they are very easily 
healed up through the cold weather, but as soon 
as summer returns the sores begin to reappear. 
The history of these is unknown, but it is thought 
that it is taken in through the feed or water. 

Treatment — Put the patient in a cool place and 
shower the parts with cold water. The only 
medical treatment that I have found to be of any 
benefit is to rub the sore with iodoform and cover 
this with a layer of collodion and repeat the ap- 
plication every twenty-four hours, for about two 
weeks or until the sores are well healed. 

LOCKJAW OR TETANUS 
The first thing is not to think that the horses' 
jaws must be locked before he has tetanus or lock- 
jaw, for he may eat and seem apparently all right 
for a week before his jaws are set. At the be- 
ginning the muscles become rigid, the spasms 
afifect the eyes, neck, face, body and limbs. The 
main symptom is the throwing back of the haw 
of the eye. 

Causes — This is caused by a bacillus that is 
found in the soil, manure and dust. The infec- 
tion generally comes through wounds, such as 
nail pricks, castration, docking, setons, and quite 
often from internal injuries. 

Symptoms — These can easily be remembered if 
a person has ever seen a case of this kind. The 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 63 

main symptoms are difficult chewing, the protru- 
sion of the haw over the main part of the eye, the 
tail is elevated, the muscles become hard and 
rigid, the limbs are stiff, the gait straddling, and 
the animal becomes very nervous at the least 
noise. 

Treatment — The patient should be placed in a 
dark box stall without any bedding and as far 
away from all other stock as possible. Always 
give tetanus antitoxine which is always obtain- 
able at any first-class drug store. The full direc- 
tions are on each package. Give physic the first 
thing; barbed aloes, six drams in two ounces of 
olive oil. Give bromide of potassium in table- 
spoonful doses in each feed. Give rectal injec- 
tions of one teaspoonful of carbolic acid in one- 
half gallon of warm milk twice daily. 

CONGESTION OF THE UDDER 
This is very rare in the mare, but sometimes 
before or after parturition a mushy swelling, be- 
ginning at the udder, extends forward as far as 
the front legs. When this is let run inflammation 
will set in, the milk will dry up, the animal be- 
comes lame, has fever, shows a general disorder 
and very often there will be an abscess form or 
gangrene set in. 

Treatment — This will be simple as long as it is 
just congestion. Active rubbing with lard or 



64 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

camphorated oil and frequent drawing of the milk 
will bring about a rapid recovery. After inflam- 
mation has set in use hot application and follow 
with camphorated oil, six ounces, and tincture of 
belladonna, one ounce, rubbed in well. Always 
give a good laxative, such as four drams of barbed 
aloes. Give one-half ounce doses of saltpeter in 
the drinking water twice daily. To draw off the 
fetid liquid, it may be necessary to use a small 
milking tube and do not forget that a mare has 
three openings in each tit and draw off the matter 
through each opening. If an abscess has formed 
it can be opened at the softest spot with any kind 
of a clean knife and treated the same as any ab- 
scess. When the udder is very hard it can be 
bathed twice daily with an iodine ointment. 

BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE 
Sometimes it is an independent affection and 
sometimes it occurs in the course of some other 
disease, as influenza or bronchitis. This is a 
very good symptom of tumor in the nose. Sneez- 
ing, overexertion and injuries to the head are 
good causes. The blood generally just drops 
from one nostril only, and is never considered 
dangerous, for if the blood comes from the lungs, 
it is very frothy and comes much faster. If the 
bleeding continues, wash out the nose with cold 
water. If the cause is known, you can be guided 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 65 

accordingly. If necessary you can use ice packs 
on the head and ice water between the eyes. If 
you have to use medicine give one ounce of ergot 
as a drench in warm water. 

LAMPERS OR LAMPAS 
This name is given to a swelling of the mucous 
membranes covering the hard palate of the mouth 
and projecting in a prominent ridge immediately 
behind the front upper teeth. This is a natural 
swelling and occurs in the healthy horse. This is 
very common while the teeth are being cut, be- 
cause the blood supply is increased. 

Treatment — The object is to allow the escape 
of the excess blood. This should be done with 
a sharp knife. Cut each ridge deep enough to 
cause it to bleed freely. There is never any dan- 
ger of getting too much blood. Do not burn the 
lampers or scrape them with an ear of corn. 



PART II. 



BLOATING OR ACUTE TYMPANITES 

This is the swelling of the cow in the left flank, 
caused by the formation of gas in the paunch or 
rumen. The causes of this are many. The one 
we most frequently find is when the cattle are 
first turned on young clover which they eat very 
greedily. Turnips, cabbage, potatoes, middlings 
and corn meal often give rise to this. Eating too 
much or eating too fast of any kind of feed may 
cause this. Wet grass, clover, frozen roots or 
pastures covered with frost should be guarded 
against. A cow that is choked will often bloat. 

Symptoms — The swelling of the left flank, the 
drumlike sound when you tap the flank with the 
ends of the fingers, and, in bad cases, the upper 
part of it rises above the level of the backbone. 
After it has run for some time the animal breathes 
hard, reels when it walks and in a short time falls 
and dies from suffocation. 

Treatment — In mild cases give plenty of exer- 
cise and cold applications to the sides. A greased 
rope in the mouth often causes the gas to be 
passed off. In urgent cases the gas must be al- 
lowed to escape and this is best done with a trocar 
which every cattle raiser should have. If this 
instrument is not at hand use a small bladed knife 
and make your incision at an equal distance from 
69 



70 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

the point of the hip to the last rib and equal dis- 
tance from the projection of the backbone. This 
should be made downward and forward. After 
the knife is inserted, put a goose quill in by the 
side of it and remove the knife. Always follow 
with a physic of two pounds of epsom salts. 

DISTENTION OF THE RUMEN OR 
PAUNCH WITH FOOD 

This is a form of indigestion produced by the 
animal gorging itself with food, it does not need 
to be spoiled or poor feed, but can come from the 
very best. The severe cases come from the food 
being very hard to digest. There is but very lit- 
tle gas formation in these cases and what little 
there is formed is spread through the contents of 
the stomach instead of accumulating in upper por- 
tion. When pressing on the left flank with your 
fist it leaves the print of your hand just the same 
as it would if it were a mass of dough. 

Treatment — This should be treated with stim- 
ulants, such alcohol, brandy or aromatic spirits 
of ammonia, and followed with a good physic of 
two pounds of epsom salts. If this fails, you 
should have an incision made in the left flank 
with a long bladed knife. Begin the incision 
where you would tap a cow for bloating, and cut 
down far enough so the operator can admit his 
hand. This cutting should be done by cutting 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 71 

the whole opening without removing the knife. 
There should be two assistants, one on each side, 
to hold the edges back so the operator can empty 
about two-thirds of the contents of the stomach. 
After this is done the edges of the wound should 
be washed with a good antiseptic and the stomach 
and the outer part sewed separately. The wound 
should be washed twice daily with the following: 
Sulphate of zinc, one ounce; acetate of lead, one 
and one-half ounce ; glycerine, two ounces, and 
water to make one pint. This operation should 
be done by an experienced operator. 

LOSS OF CUD 
This is a very common expression among the 
farmers when there is anything the matter with a 
cow. This expression is correct if meant right. 
Most people think that the cow loses her cud 
by dropping it out of her mouth and that there 
must be a cud made for her out of a greasy dish- 
rag or something of the kind. This is not a dis- 
ease of itself, but shows that the animal's diges- 
tive functions are not performed regularly and 
the animal does not ruminate or belch up the 
food. This is a symptom of a great many dis- 
eases and should cause the attendant to look the 
animal over closely and form a correct opinion of 
the disease from which the animal is suffering. 



72 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

INDIGESTION OR GASTRO INTESTINAL 
CATARRH 

This form of indigestion does not necessarily 
denote bloating, but it is sometimes present. If 
indigestion is let run for sometime, the abnormal 
products will cause catarrh of the stomach or 
intestines. 

Causes — Overloading of the stomach, damaged 
or irritant food, sudden changes of diet, want of 
exercise and food that is hard to digest will, alter 
a time, cause this. An insufficient amount of 
water, as in seasons of drought, will favor this 
disease. 

Symptoms — Rumination irregular, depraved 
appetite, tongue coated, mouth slimy, bad smell- 
ing dung, a slight bloating and fullness of the 
flanks. No sound in the stomach and the animal 
breathes with a grunt. After some time there is 
no dung passed, but a small amount of mucus 
oozes out of the rectum. In mild cases this lasts 
about a week, but in the severe ones it may last 
several weeks. 

Treatment — Small quantities of sweet silage, 
select grass or clover hay given several times 
daily. About two ounces of chamomile flowers 
should be boiled for thirty minutes, and after it 
has cooled given to the animal. This can be re- 
peated three times daily. When constipation is 
present, the following physic can be given : One 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 73 

pound Glaubers salts in quart of warm water and 
one pint of molasses. After the physic has 
worked, give the following to act as an appetizer : 
Two ounces powdered ginger, two ounces nux 
vomica, and ground flaxseed meal, one-half 
pound. Give one tablespoonful three times daily. 
Laxative food in moderate quantities after a re- 
turn of the appetite. 

COLIC OR INDIGESTION AFTER 
DRINKING COLD WATER 

This trouble is produced in cattle by drinking 
cold water, which stops digestion and produces 
cramps in the fourth stomach and sometimes in 
the bowels. 

Causes — As a rule a cow drinks water very 
slowly and not very much at a time. It would be 
contrary to nature for the cow to drink fast and 
very much at a time ; but in hot weather when it 
has traveled for some distance and is given access 
to cold water it will bring on colicky pains. Cat- 
tle that are fed on dry feed or dry hay often drink 
large quantities of cold water and are affected the 
same way only they are taken with a chill before 
the cramps come on. 

Symptoms — There is but very little bloating or 
distention with gas. Colic in the cow always 
comes on after drinking cold water and there can 
be no doubt as to the diagnosis. 



74 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

Treatment — Always give the animal ten or 
fifteen minutes' exercise before you give any med- 
icine, as this gets the stomach in condition to take 
care of the medicine and often acts as a cure. If 
treatment is necessary, give one-half pint of whis- 
key or one ounce of powdered ginger in a pint of 
warm water and repeat in forty-five minutes, if 
necessary. If this does not give relief, give one 
ounce each of sulphuric ether and tincture of 
opium in a pint of warm milk and repeat in thirty 
minutes, if needed. After giving any of these 
treatments follow with a physic of two pounds of 
epsom salts. 

DIARRHEA OR DYSENTERY 

This is a symptom of irritation of the intestines 
and is caused by improper feeding, irritant foods, 
chilling or exposure, indigestion, diseases of the 
intestines or by parasites. 

Symptoms — At first the passage from the bow- 
els is thin and frequent, but after a time it be- 
comes watery and very offensive smelling and 
sometimes it is streaked with blood. In the be- 
ginning the animal is strong but soon becomes 
weak and has some abdominal pains, looks around 
at its sides, moves around very restlessly, draws 
its feet together and lies down. In many cases 
there is fever, loss of strength and flesh and 
finally ends in death. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 75 

Treatment — All depends on the cause and the 
care taker must determine this. When from an 
irritating cause, the patient should have a mild 
purgative, such as a pint of castor oil. If this 
does not prove satisfactory, give one-half ounce 
of tincture of opium in a half pint of warm milk 
and to this may be added four ounces of whiskey 
or brandy, if necessary. Good home remedies 
are strong coffee, raw eggs, or rye flour. In all 
cases you must feed very sparingly. 

CONSTIPATION 
This is not regarded as a disease of itself but 
more a symptom of some other disease or the re- 
sult of poor feeding. It occurs in most all dis- 
eases where fever is present, in obstruction of the 
bowels and from feeding dry bulky food. Young 
calves often suffer from this disease just after 
birth when the feces that is in the bowels before 
birth is not passed. Warm soap and water injec- 
tions or one ounce of castor oil and plenty of the 
cow's first milk is all that is necessary in such 
cases. The main treatment in constipation in the 
cow is to remove the cause which gives rise to it. 
A change in the feed will correct this trouble 
in most cases better than medicine. Small doses 
of physic given often are better than one large 
one. Flaxseed is the best food laxative that can 
be fed. 



76 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

JAUNDICE OR CONGESTION OF THE 
LIVER 

In this case we find a yellow appearance of the 
skin, eyes and the mucous membranes of the 
mouth. Jaundice is mainly a symptom of other 
diseases and we should look for the cause or 
causes of it. Anything that will close up the 
orifice of the biliary duct will produce jaundice 
and this is very often the case in constipation. It 
may be caused by gallstones or parasites. Cattle 
that are fed high for show use, or any cattle that 
have no exercise, are good subjects. 

Symptoms — Poor appetite, the animal does not 
want to drink, pressure along the short ribs causes 
pain, the membranes of the eyes and mouth are 
yellow, the patient lies down the most of the time, 
moans when it moves and has a very tottering 
gait. The milk secretions are diminished and 
that which is secreted is very bitter. In some 
cases the animal has a dry painful cough. 

Treatment — When the bowels should be moved 
off give the following physic : One pound of sul- 
phate of soda, one pint of molasses and one quart 
of warm water. After the physic has worked, the 
patient should have one tablespoonful of artificial 
Carlsbad salts in the feed three times daily. In 
all advanced cases use injections of warm water 
and soap to relieve the pressure. The diet should 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 77 

be laxative and moderate in quantity and always 
give grass, if in season, and if not, bran mashes 
and clover hay. 

SNAKE BITES 

The poison contained in the tooth glands of 
some snakes will produce very serious local irri- 
tation and in some cases very serious constitu- 
tional disturbances. Some of the poison of the 
snake is carried to the heart and causes death, 
while others cause local inflammation, gangrene 
or external sloughing. 

Symptoms — Local swelling, pricks where the 
fangs penetrate, depression, weakness, difficult 
breathing, weak pulse, stupor and sometimes con- 
vulsions. If the poisons are not strong enough 
to cause death it will likely cause severe abscesses. 

Treatment — Locally every effort should be 
made to absorb the poison. If the bite is on the 
legs you should tie a string very tight just above 
the bite so as to shut off the circulation. The 
wound should be freely incised so that it will bleed 
freely. Permanganate of potash in five per cent 
solution should be applied and also injected into 
it. Give strong stimulants internally, such as 
alcohol, coffee or aromatic spirits of ammonia. 
A special antitoxin for the treatment of snake 
bites is now prepared and can be had from any 
leading druggist. 



78 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

BEE AND WASP STINGS 
The bee and wasp secrete a very poisonous sub- 
stance which they are able to insert through the 
skin of an animal. This poison is an irritant and 
might cause blood poison. 

To produce any bad effects it must be intro- 
duced in large quantities, such as the animal get- 
ting stung by a swarm of bees or wasps. 

Treatment — Wash the parts with diluted am- 
monia and give stimulants internally. If the ani- 
mal begins to swell about the head and neck and 
it begins to shut off the breathing, a tube should 
be inserted in the windpipe. 

BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE 
This is very common in cattle and is seldom 
serious. It usually results from some disease, in- 
jury to the mucous membrane or from violent ex- 
ertions in sneezing or coughing. The blood 
usually comes in drops from one nostril and is 
usually accompanied by sneezing. Bleeding from 
the lungs comes from both nostrils, is frothy, 
bright red and accompanied by a cough. 

Treatment — Find the cause and you can be 
guided accordingly. If necessary, keep the ani- 
mal quiet, bathe the head with cold water and 
wash the nose out with the same. In severe cases 
tie the head up to a high rafter and apply the ice 
packs to the back of the head and if necessary, 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 79 

give one and one-half drams of acetate of lead 
in one pint of warm water. 

BRONCHITIS 

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous 
membrane lining the bronchial tubes and is gen- 
erally the result of the animal catching a bad cold. 
It may be caused by the introduction of foreign 
bodies into the bronchial tubes, which is a bad 
result of drenching, or it may be caused by the 
breathing of impure gases. 

Symptoms — Coughing, loss of appetite, short 
painful breathing, the head is distended, the eyes 
inflamed and the pulse is very rapid. If the dis- 
ease does not terminate favorably there is danger 
of complications of lung fever. These tubes 
close up in some cases and the animal dies from 
suffocation. 

Treatment — If in season and the weather is 
nice, place the animal on grass and if not, put it 
in a light, well ventilated box stall. The food 
should be light and nutritious. Give the follow- 
ing as a drench after each feed: Tincture of 
chloride of iron, i ounce; tincture of aconite, 
four drams, and glycerine to make one pint. Give 
six tablespoonfuls of this at a dose. 

PNEUMONIA 
This is an inflammation of the lung substance. 
Some writers divide this into several forms, but 



80 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

it takes an expert to distinguish them so we will 
take it all under one head. The causes of this 
are the same as any other disease of the respira- 
tory tract. It generally follows congestion of the 
lungs, but it can originate from a parasite. 

Symptoms — This disease is usually ushered in 
with a chill and this is followed by a high tem- 
perature, usually 104 to 107, and sometimes 
higher.- The breathing is very quick, the nostrils 
dilated, pulse full and hard, may or may not 
have a cough, the coat is staring and the skin 
very dry. Scanty and very high colored urine, 
and the bowels constipated. The animal always 
keeps a standing position with the forelegs wide 
apart and the elbows turned out. The extremi- 
ties are hot and cold alternately, and if this is in 
a cow, the milk flow is suspended. The appetite 
is always poor until recovery begins. 

Treatment — Good fresh air, clean surround- 
ings and proper nursing are of as much help as 
medicine. If the fever is very high, give one or 
two drams of tincture of aconite every four hours 
until it abates. If the bowels are constipated give 
two or three drams of calomel. One pint of 
whiskey can be given with the gruel twice daily 
to act as a stimulant. Bathe the region of the 
lungs with some strong liniment, but do not 
blister them. Any form of nourishment should 
be given that the animal will take, and always 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 81 

grass if in season. Above all, let the patient 
have plenty of fresh drinking water. 

HEAVES OR EMPHYSEMA 
This consists of a rupture of the small air 
vessels of the lungs. Respiration is very much 
interfered with as the expiration is prolonged and 
the inspiration is short. The appetite is gener- 
ally good and the milk-flow holds up well. This 
may be the result of bronchitis or it may follow 
an attack of asthma. The animal gets poor, has 
a staring coat and is generally hidebound. If 
the region of the lungs is tapped with the fist, a 
drum-like sound is heard. 

Treatment — This is an incurable disease and 
the only help that can be given is rich food to 
hold the animal up in flesh. From a financial 
standpoint as well as from a humane standpoint, 
the animal should be destroyed. 

HEAT PROSTRATION OR SUNSTROKE 
This is not very common in cattle as they are 
very seldom worked and when in pasture they can 
select cool places in the heat of the day. In some 
cases, where cattle are kept up for the purpose of 
fattening and then driven to market in hot 
weather, they sometimes are overcome by the heat. 
Remember that cattle do not have to be exposed to 
the direct rays of the sun to become prostrated, 
for those that are in close, hot places often suffer. 



82 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

Symptoms — Dullness, exhaustion, panting, 
frothing at the mouth, tongue hanging out, un- 
easiness, staggering gait, then falling and strug- 
gling for some time and then may become very- 
quiet. In serious cases the attack may be very 
sudden and the animal will become unconscious 
without any previous symptoms of distress. 

Treatment — If the case is not severe the pa- 
tient should be moved to some quiet place and 
with rest and light diet a recovery will soon take 
place. If the animal falls, apply cold water or ice 
packs to the head and rub the limbs and body with 
bunches of hay. If it can swallow, give spirits 
of nitrous ether, three ounces to the pint of water, 
or aqua ammonia one ounce to the pint of water, 
and repeat in one hour. If these are not at hand 
give one pint of whiskey in a quart of warm 
water. If the animal goes down out in the hot sun 
it should be removed to the shade as soon as pos- 
sible. Give all the cold water it will drink. When 
the animal is up and the strength is good give one 
and one-half pounds of epsom salts before giving 
much food. Just after the animal has suffered 
from heatstroke the flesh is not fit for food. 

LIGHTNING STROKE 
When an animal is struck by lightning the 
shock acts instantaneously on the nervous system 
and, as a rule, death occurs at once; but if the 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 83 

shock is not fatal, the animal becomes prostrated, 
unconscious, and sometimes paralyzed. 

Symptoms — The symptoms vary according to 
the shock. The animal falls, the muscles may be 
completely relaxed, the legs limber, the muscles 
flabby and soft to the touch, sometimes convul- 
sions, spasms and twitching of the muscles. Gen- 
erally labored, irregular, or interrupted breath- 
ing, and sometimes slower than normal. In some 
cases the electricity singes the hair, inflicts 
wounds, burns or blisters. 

Treatment — As long as the heart keeps beating 
it is advisable to keep trying to save the animal. 
Dash cold water in the face and over the body, 
rub the legs well and slap the body with wet tow- 
els. Mustard mixed in a little warm water should 
be rubbed on the back of the head, neck and limbs. 
Give rectal injections of two ounces of hartshorn 
well diluted with warm water and repeat every 
four hours. This same treatment can be given 
internally as soon as the animal is able to swal- 
low. If the care-taker is careful it is well to let 
the animal smell the hartshorn, but be careful 
that not too much of it is inhaled. Artificial respi- 
ration can be tried if necessary. After the serious 
symptoms you should give two-dram doses of 
sulphate of quinine twice daily. If there are any 
abrasions, treat them antiseptically, the same as 
any wound. 



84 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 

Any of the non-contagious forms of abortion 
may become contagious if not taken care of at 
the proper time. One of the most common causes 
of contagious abortion is for a bull to serve a cow 
from an aborting herd and then serve one from 
a healthy herd. An aborting cow may come into 
a healthy herd and not cause the herd to abort 
for many months and again they may abort in a 
few weeks. A good beginning for contagious 
abortion is when a cow is not kept clean after 
calving and allowed to run with the rest of the 
herd. This may be transferred during feeding, 
the cows licking each other or when a herd is at 
pasture. 

Preventive Treatment — Prevention first, if pos- 
sible. Do not let your cows get run down and 
poor or let their blood become thin. Be careful 
as to the kind of feed, such as moldy feed or feed 
spoiled while green by rain. Keep pure water 
and always keep the tanks clean. Do not make 
too sudden a change in the feed and, above all, 
keep your cows clean during calving. 

Treatment — First, separate all of your abort- 
ing cows in clean building or yard and do not 
leave any pregnant animals with them or near 
them. 

Second, clean and wash out your stables sev- 
eral times with any good antiseptic. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 85 

Third, wash off the cow around the tail and 
rump and inject about one quart of the following 
solution each day for two or three weeks : One 
tablespoonful of creolin, two ounces of alcohol 
and two ounces of glycerine to one gallon of 
warm water. 

Fourth, in case of abortion the foetal mem- 
branes should be removed at once and together 
with fetus should be destroyed by burning, and 
not buried. 

Fifth, do not breed aborting cows for three or 
four months and then use a separate bull, and 
never use your herd bull. 

NON-CONTAGIOUS ABORTION 
OR THE SLINKING OF THE CALF 
Abortion in the cow most frequently occurs at 
those three-week intervals at which time the cow 
would have been in heat if not pregnant. Poor 
condition, weakness and a watery state of the 
blood are the foremost causes. These are brought 
on by poor feeding, from worms, leaving the calf 
on the cow too long, damp unhealthy buildings, 
disease of the abdominal organs, such as indi- 
gestion, heart trouble and kidney or bladder 
trouble. Moldy feed of any kind, kicks or strains, 
cows riding each other, slipping on the ice, and 
shipping are good causes. Among many other 
causes may be named the death of the fetus 



86 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

caused from the navel string becoming tied in a 
knot and stopping the circulation. 

Treatment — If symptoms of abortion have ap- 
peared and the fetus is not dead, and if the waters 
have not been discharged, nor the water bags 
presented, attempts should be made to check the 
progress. All causes should be removed and the 
animal placed in a quiet, dark box stall and given 
treatment to stop the labor pains. Give lauda- 
num in one to two-ounce doses every three hours 
until all labor pains have stopped. If this does 
not hold them down give bromide of potassium 
in teaspoonful doses every five hours until six 
doses have been given. 

EVERSION OF THE WOMB 
This is a result of failure of the womb to con- 
tract after calving. When the womb fails to 
contract the closed end of one of the horns (of the 
womb) may fall into its open internal cavity, and 
under the compression of the adjacent intestines, 
it is forced farther and farther, until the whole 
organ is turned outside in and then slides back 
through the vagina and hangs from the vulva. 
The womb can be distinguished between the blad- 
der and vagina by the presence of the mushroom- 
like bodies which are attached to it. After it is out 
for some time it becomes inflamed and gorged 
with blood until it is as large as a bushel basket. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 87 

The surface of it has a dark red blood-like hue 
and bleeds at the slightest touch. Just after the 
protrusion the general health is not altered, but 
after inflammation has set in and the violent 
straining has caused exhaustion the cow lies 
down and fails to rise. 

Treatment — Cleanliness is the main part of this 
operation. If the animal is lying down it is best 
to put an oilcloth under the womb and wash it off 
very clean with cold water containing a small 
amount of carbolic acid. If the animal is stand- 
ing, this work is much easier. If the cow is 
laboring or straining, have a helper to pinch her 
on the back. Place the closed fist in the center of 
the mass and push it back through the vagina and 
assist in returning the surrounding parts with the 
other hand. It is best after the womb has been 
replaced to move the hand about inside to see that 
the two horns are fully extended. After every- 
thing is back to its place and if the cow is not 
straining too much there should be three stitches 
taken in the lips of the vulva which will prevent 
the womb from returning in most cases. In some 
cases this will not hold and there should be a truss 
made of two ropes. Double each rope at its mid- 
dle and place the rope so its ovoid ring will sur- 
round the lips of the vulva and tie to a collar 
which can be placed on the neck the same as a 
horse collar. The straining can be stopped by 



88 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

giving two or three ounces of laudanum or two 
ounces of chloral hydrate. 

EVERSION OF THE BLADDER 

A true eversion of the bladder is something 
that is almost unknown in the cow, due to the ex- 
treme narrowness at its mouth. There are many- 
cases of protrusion of the bladder due to the tear- 
ing of the vagina during calving. In this case 
the bladder contains urine, which is never the 
case in eversion, for in that case the bladder turns 
inside out. If the bladder is in such shape in the 
vulva so there cannot be a catheter passed, you 
will have to take a small hypodermic needle and 
stick this through any place that is well exposed 
and draw off the water and then it is a very easy 
matter to replace the organ. The opening in the 
vagina can be stitched up, but the animal should 
never be used for breeding purposes again. 

MILK FEVER OR PARTURITION FEVER 

This is a very peculiar disease and is confined 
to the extra good cow ; by this we mean the heavy 
or rich milker, and is never found in the common 
or poor cow. It generally comes on the cow from 
one to five days after calving, but we have seen 
three or four cases which came two or three days 
before calving. Several writers will give you 
different causes of this disease, but we find that 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 89 

these all fail to be accurate and the exact cause 
is yet unknown. 

Symptoms — The cow becomes mopey, gets 
weak in the hind limbs, staggers, and falls and 
after getting up once or twice she falls and is 
unable to rise. The main symptom that veteri- 
narians go by is the S shape of the neck. This is 
always the first prominent symptom. Sometimes 
the cow becomes unconscious and in many cases 
we find bloating. 

Treatment — The most of the farmers, espe- 
cially the dairy class, are up to date on this dis- 
ease and have a milk fever outfit. This consists 
of a syringe which has a sterilizer between the 
bulb and where the milk tube is placed, the ster- 
ilizer contains medicated cotton. Pumping up 
the udder is the surest plan for there is no danger 
of poisoning the bag if the tit tube is kept clean. 
If the milk fever outfit is not at hand and the 
patient is in bad condition, you can use a bicycle 
pump by placing a rubber tube on the end so it 
will hold a tit tube. Insert the tube into each 
tit and pump the udder good and tight, tie a 
carpet rag around each tit to keep the air from 
escaping. Leave the air in the bag for two hours, 
then take it all out by milking and massaging the 
udder. After this treatment, if the animal is not 
up and apparently all right in two hours, it can 
be repeated. Give internally two drams of tine- 



90 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

ture of digitalis every hour until the animal gets 
up. If the animal bloats it will have to be tapped 
the same as described for bloating. 

BLOODY MILK 

Blood may escape with the milk when the udder 
has been injured by blows, when it is congested 
or inflamed, when the circulation has been in- 
creased by rich feed or when the cow is excited 
from heat. Tumors or induration of the glands 
may be good causes, the irritation caused by milk- 
ing will start the blood. 

Treatment — The treatment will vary with the 
cause. If the glands are congested, give one 
and a half pounds of epsom salts and follow with 
one-half ounce of saltpetre once daily. Bathe the 
bag with hot water and follow with carbolized 
vaseline. If it is due to the richness of the food 
it should be reduced. Induration of the udder 
can be met by rubbing the udder with iodine oint- 
ment one part and soft soap two parts. Careful 
milking is one of the main points. 

MAMMITIS 

This is an inflammation of the udder. The 
causes of this are many and it generally comes 
just before or just after calving. 

Causes — Exposure to cold or wet, standing in 
cold drafts, blows on the udder with clubs, stones, 
horns, or feet; injuries from a sharp or cold 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 91 

stone, or a nail sticking through the floor where 
the animal lies, sudden changes in the weather, 
overfeeding, especially with cotton seed meal, 
peas or beans, sores on the tits, or from insuffi- 
cient stripping. 

Symptoms — Heat or tenderness to the udder 
are the first noticeable symptoms. When this has 
run for a few days the hot, tender udder causes 
the animal to straddle with the hind limbs and 
when walking it stops on the affected side. When 
the cow lies down it is always on the unaffected 
side. When the bag becomes tight and is touched 
it leaves the print of the finger. In all cases the 
milk flow is suppressed and the milk replaced, at 
first with a watery fluid streaked with blood, then 
with clotted milk, and finally with puss. Some- 
times this disease runs a rapid course and at 
other times it is very slow. 

Treatment — In most cases the animal has a 
chill and this must be the first thing to look after 
by blanketing the animal, giving warm water in- 
jections and one-half pint of whiskey in one quart 
of warm water. Milk the cow out well and mas- 
sage the bag with the warm milk and follow with 
camphorated ointment which must be rubbed in 
well. Be very careful about milking and if the 
udder is very tender this is best done with a milk- 
ing tube. Give a good physic, such as two pounds 
of epsom salts and one ounce of powdered ginger ; 



92 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

follow this with daily doses of saltpetre. Hot 
water fomentations or hot salt and vinegar are 
very beneficial if the swelling is advanced. If 
there is much pain the udder can be rubbed with 
belladonna or soap ointment. If an abscess forms 
it should be opened as soon as possible and treated 
the same as that given in abscesses. 

CONGESTION OF THE UDDER 
OR GARGET 
It is a rule in heavy milk cows that just before 
and after calving that the mammary glands are 
enlarged, hot, tense and tender and there is a 
pasty swelling in front of the udder on the lower 
surface of the abdomen. In most cases this con- 
gestion leaves in a few days after the milk-flow 
gets a good start. This can be broken up very 
easily by letting a hungry calf knead the udder 
with its nose or by stripping the udder out three 
times daily and rubbing it well with the milk. 
In many cases where the owner is going to have 
a sale, or neglects the milking to show the cow's 
udder, it is followed by congestion. Some cases 
of congestion go so far that pus forms. In 
these severe cases the udder should be rubbed 
well with camphorated .ointment. 

COWPOX 
This is a contagious inflammation of the udder 
which is spread mainly by the hands of the milker 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 93' 

and not from one animal to another. In some 
cases where the man that milks also grooms the 
horses, he can carry it to the horses and it aflects 
the heels and lips. This disease is considered the 
same as smallpox in the person. 

Symptoms — The first symptoms are tenderness 
of the tits and a slight fever which is preceded by 
a chill. The tits become redder and warmer and 
at the end of a few days are covered with little 
pea-shaped nodules which in some cases become 
an inch in diameter. The milk-flow is diminished 
and when the ulcers are on the tit where there is 
no hair they form a blister which must be opened 
in several places to allow the escape of the pus. 
If these nodules form in the hair they do not 
raise as a blister but keep secreting a straw colored 
fluid. In this last form when the pus escapes 
there is a scab forms and in a few days this drops 
off and healing takes place, but leaves a few pits 
in the skin. But in the tits the healing is very 
slow and the tit becomes very sore, due to the 
milking which keeps the sore aggravated. 

Treatment — Gentle milking and the use of a 
tit tube is better than the hand. Any treatment 
that will heal .a sort tit is advisable. Wash the 
tit with a solution of one tablespoonful of creolin 
to a quart of warm water to keep the germ from 
spreading. 



94 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

CAPPED TITS 
This may be caused by anything that will irri- 
tate them, such as the powerful sucking of the 
calf, the chilling of the tits after the calf has just 
sucked, the wind striking the tit after it has been 
milked with a wet hand, direct contact with cold 
water, or the coming in contact with the filth 
while lying down in the stable. This may be 
slight or it may form large sores and cause re- 
tention of the milk or inflammation of the udder. 
Applications of vaseline are soothing and in mild 
forms will heal them in a short time. If this does 
not heal it readily, you can add twelve grains of 
balsam of peru to each ounce of vaseline. The 
home remedy of tallow is a very useful one. If 
the sores become large ones, it can be washed 
with the following : One ounce of sugar of lead, 
one ounce of sulphate of zinc, one-half ounce of 
belladonna to one pint of warm water and wash 
twice daily. 

WARTS 
Warts in cattle may come any place, but they 
are generally found on the udder or tits. The 
warts on the body vary in size from that of a pea 
to a walnut. Those on the udder and tit are gen- 
erally small, but may come in very large bunches, 
sometimes they cover all four teats and part of 
the udder. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 95 

Treatment — The large body warts should be 
treated the same as those in the horse. Scrape 
the wart until it is raw and cover it with powdered 
arsenic every other day until it drops off and 
treat the wound antiseptically. The other warts 
can be removed by bathing the parts freely with 
castor oil twice daily. 

WARBLES OR BOTS 
These bots are about one-half an inch long 
and resemble a bee. They appear in warm 
weather and lay their eggs upon the cattle ; they 
often frighten the stock and cause them to stam- 
pede. Some say that the fly penetrates the skin 
and leaves the eggs under it while others claim 
that the egg is laid on the skin and is licked off 
by the cattle and the infection comes through the 
mouth. These warbles may appear under the 
skin on any part of the body. They are some- 
times found deep in the back and in the spinal 
canal. These generally appear from the first of 
January to the last of May. Where these mature 
the bots work their way out and drop to the 
ground and remain there for about a month. 
These warbles sometimes weaken the animal and 
cause a decrease in the milk-flow. Early in the 
season the swelling should be injected with kero- 
sene or the grub should be pressed out and de- 



96 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

stroyed. Some advise a coating with train oil 
two or three times during the season. 

CONTAGIOUS SCOURS IN CALVES 
This causes more deaths than any other disease 
in young calves. This appears just after birth 
and never later than the second day. 

Symptoms — Great dullness, weakness, prostra- 
tion, sunken eyes, retracted belly, short hurried 
breathing, very low temperature ; the calf lies on 
its side with the head resting on the ground. The 
discharge from the bowels is yellowish white and 
very offensive. Death generally follows in from 
twenty-four to thirty-six hours. When one calf 
in the herd dies with this it will almost invariably 
affect all the other calves born in the herd and 
will stay with the stables for years. If a calf 
does recover from this disease it is a very fit sub- 
ject for some form of lung trouble. 

Treatment — There is no treatment for the sick 
calf, but the object should be preventive. When 
this attacks a herd the cows that are springing 
should be kept in quarters as far from the cow 
stable as possible. After a healthy calf is two 
weeks old there is no danger in this form of 
scours. The cow stable should be kept very 
clean and kept well disinfected for at least a year 
before letting any cows calve in it. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 97 

DEHORNING 
Dehorning in the old countries is against the 
law because they think that it is cruelty to ani- 
mals. We think, in this country, that it is not 
cruelty to animals to dehorn, but cruelty to 
animals and to people not to dehorn. This opera- 
tion is easiest done when the calf is but two or 
three days old. Lay the calf on its side and it is 
very easy to hold with the help of one assistant. 
Clip the hair around the frontal bone, where the 
horns begin to form and use a stick of caustic 
potash, dip this in cold water and rub the horn 
well for fifteen seconds, then turn to the other 
side and repeat the same thing; by this time the 
first side has become dry and it is well to go over 
both a second time. This should be done to all 
cattle that are kept to be cows or steers. The 
herd bull should be left along until he finds out 
the use of them and then they should be sawed 
off, which makes a very gentle animal out of him. 
This form of dehorning can be done either by 
throwing the animal or by placing him in a chute. 
Either way is practical, just so you have the 
animal secure and in a position that you can get 
to the horn. This is best done with an ordinary 
jointing saw and should be done quietly and 
quickly. This can be done any time except in fly 
time. Cold water or a little flour is the only 
dressing that is necessary. 



98 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 
ECZEMA 

This is a non-contagious inflammation 01 the 
skin, accompanied by itching, ending in a watery- 
discharge with the formation of crusts or in scal- 
ing off. This may run a light course and then 
leave or it may become chronic. This is more 
common in horses than in cattle. Among cattle 
it is caused by filthy stables, lousiness, overfeed- 
ing, excessive damp or too warm stables, incor- 
rect use of blisters, by turpentine or mustard, 
using too strong louse medicine or fly-killer. 
Cattle that are fed on the refuse from distilleries 
are generally attacked on the legs. 

Symptoms — Itching, swelling of the skin, 
rounded elevations of the skin, which contain a 
clear watery fluid, exudation of pus, scaling off 
and redness or thickening of the skin. Some- 
times they rub until the skin becomes so raw it 
bleeds. This disease may come in small areas 
or it may come all over the body. In old standing 
cases the skin will break and form fissures espe- 
cially on the neck and limbs where they bend. 

Treatment — Eczema is very hard to treat for 
there is no certain line of treatment that can be 
used, even if you do begin early. If the cause is 
the general health of the animal, it should be 
looked after before you can derive any benefit 
from other treatment. Under any circumstances 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 99 

give a good blood tonic for which use Fowler's 
solution of arsenic in the feed. Tablespoonful 
in feed twice daily. Wash the whole body with 
a creolin solution, about four ounces to the gallon 
of water. Then rub well the affected parts with 
benzoated oxide of zinc ointment. If the itching 
is too severe, you can wash the parts with two 
drams of boracic acid to the quart of warm water. 
Do not wash the body too much as it might prove 
very harmful. 

BOILS OR FURUNCULUS 

This is an acute affection which usually in- 
volves the whole thickness of the skin and is 
characterized by the formation of abscesses. 
These usually terminate by absorption or by the 
formation of a sore which sloughs out and leaves 
a deep cavity, which soon heals. 

Causes — A bad state of the blood which is gen- 
erally caused by indigestion or kidney trouble. 

Symptoms — Boils in cattle generally come 
singly and not in bunches ; they vary in size from 
that of a pea to that of a hen's egg. At first the 
abscess is very small, painful to the touch, and 
gradually increases in size until the death of the 
central portion takes place and the core is 
released. 

Treatment — If the boil is where you can, it 
should be poulticed and if not use a strong lini- 



100 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

ment until it becomes ripe. As soon as the most 
prominent part becomes soft it should be opened 
and the core squeezed out. Use carbolized vase- 
line until the hole is well filled up. If the animal 
is in poor health give the following tonic: Cop- 
peras, nux vomica, gentian and ginger equal 
parts, one tablespoonful twice daily. 

LUMP JAW OR ACTINOMYCOSIS 
This is a very common disease among cattle- 
men and is thought to be brought on by an ex- 
ternal injury, but there is always a parasite in 
the lump which causes the bone to become dis- 
eased. Some lump jaws are hard from the 
beginning and never become soft; these are the 
ones that do not respond to treatment. The most 
cases start with a soft, mushy growth which is 
attached both to the skin and the bone. These 
often break both on the inside and outside. When 
they break on the inside a few of the molar teeth 
become loose and it interferes with eating. 
When it breaks on the outside it forms a fistulous 
tract. 

Treatment — The lump before it breaks should 
be - bathed or painted with tincture of iodine. 
After it breaks it should be injected with the same 
once daily. Give internally iodide of potassium 
in one and one-half dram doses twice daily for 
ten days, and stop ten, and repeat, if necessary. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 101 

Some have good results by cutting the lump off 
the jaw and burning it with a hot iron. This 
treatment I have tried but have not found it 
satisfactory. 

FOUNDER OR LAMINITIS 

This is an inflammation of the sensitive struc- 
tures within the wall of the hoof which, in many 
cases, ends in suppuration and the loss of one 
or both toes. 

Causes — In cattle it is caused by overfeeding, 
overheating, standing on a cement floor without 
bedding or exercise, or by driving a long dis- 
tance over a rough road. 

Symptoms — The feet become very hot, some- 
times swell, the animal is unwilling to stand, and 
if pressure is used on the foot with pinchers it 
will show signs of pain. When the animal is 
made to move, the steps are very short and hesi- 
tating. As a rule they keep eating and drinking. 
The temperature is high and the breathing fast. 
Founder can affect all four feet, but as a rule it 
comes in the front ones. 

Treatment— -If possible stand the animal in 
running water with a soft bottom, and if not, use 
cold packs on the feet. This treatment will be suf- 
ficient, except the giving of a good physic of two 
pounds of epsom salts, and if necessary you can 
follow with ounce-doses of saltpetre twice daily. 



102 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

LOSS OF HOOF 

The toes of one or more hoofs may come off 
as a result of founder. A cow will sometimes 
become fastened between planks or other ways 
and pull off the walls of one or both toes in order 
to free themselves. 

Treatment — Wash the bleeding surface with 
some good antiseptic and then with alum water. 
Apply a thick coat of pine tar, cover this with 
cotton and apply another coat of tar and bandage 
this good and tight. This may stay on until a 
new horn is formed unless pus forms or it gives 
off a bad odor. If the pus escapes from under 
the dressing the bandage should be removed and 
the wound cleansed and redressed. 

FOOT ROT OR FOUL IN FEET 
This is an inflammation of the feet which 
comes between the toes. 

Causes — Filthy stables, hardening of soil be- 
tween the toes, like an ingrown toe nail in man. 
It may be due to the overgrowth of the toes, or 
it can come from foreign bodies being wedged 
between the toes. This can spread from the pus 
formed in the diseased cattle and become con- 
tagious. It generally occurs in the hind feet, but 
can affect all four. 

Symptoms — The first thing observed is the 
limp in walking. On examination of the foot we 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 103 

find heat, swelling above the hoof, spreading of 
the toes, and if the inflammation is deep-set there 
will be pus formed in the membranes between the 
toes. If this is not taken care of in time there will 
be deep abscesses formed which will destroy the 
articular attachments. In this case healing will 
be very slow. 

Treatment — In the first stages the pure creolin 
is the best treatment. If the pus has not bur- 
rowed beneath the horn, it is advisable to cleanse 
it with a strong carbolic acid solution, as one 
ounce to the pint of water, and above all, keep 
the stables clean. If sloughing has taken place 
the membranes should be cleansed with the car- 
bolic or creolin solutions, and a wad of cotton 
covered with pine tar should be secured between 
the toes. In most cases poulticing with flaxseed 
meal is advisable. If the pus has burrowed be- 
neath the horn, there must be a drainage made 
by cutting away the horn and using the fore- 
going treatment. If the joint has become dis- 
eased an amputation of one of the toes is the 
surest and quickest method for an early recovery. 

DROPSY 

In dropsy there is serious or watery fluid 
formed in the cavity around the abdomen. 

Causes — This generally occurs in old animals 
that are fed poor feed or some that are diseased, 



104 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

due to the impoverished state of the blood. In- 
sufficient quantity and poor quality of food can 
cause dropsy in the young animal. This can 
come from inflammation of the liver and from 
heart and lung diseases. It is a very good symp- 
tom of worms in calves. 

Symptoms — The flanks become hollow, the ab- 
domen increases in size at the lower part, loss 
of appetite, sluggish in gait and the chewing of 
the cud is irregular. If examined closely you 
may discover fluid around the abdomen. 

Treatment — Find the cause and remove it be- 
fore beginning with any treatment. Give good 
rich food and if in cold weather the animal should 
be clothed to keep it warm. If the trouble is in 
the blood give a tablespoonful of the following 
powder three times daily: Powdered gentian, 
two ounces; powdered ginger, two ounces; car- 
bonate of iron, two ounces, and powdered nitrate 
of potash, three ounces. A good physic should 
be given each day. This laxative will keep the 
blood thin and keep the bowels in a watery state. 

ERGOTISM 

Cattle are more subject to this disease than 
any other animal. This is generally found in 
rich lands and in hot and wet seasons. Rye is 
more subject to this than any other crop. Of the 
grasses that make hay, blue grass is the most 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 105 

common, but it can come on red top, oats or 
other grains. This fungus forms itself on the 
seeds of the plant and they become much larger 
and harder than the natural seeds. The result 
of the animal eating this is that it shuts off the 
circulation to the extremities. It usually affects 
the ears, feet and tail and as soon as the circula- 
tion all shuts off the part soon dies. When it 
affects the limb the animal will become lame and 
a crack will form above the part where the cir- 
culation is shut off and the lower part of the leg 
or toes will drop off without the loss of any blood. 
This may act on the digestive tract and cause 
great irritation, or it may act on the nervous sys- 
tem and cause paralysis. In many cases it has 
caused abortion. 

Treatment — This is very tedious if it has run 
very long, but if it is found in time you can use 
strong antiseptics which may save much trouble. 
To dilate the blood vessels give chloral hydrate 
and always give enough castor oil daily to keep 
the bowels loose. If the sloughing is very far 
advanced the diseased part will have to be ampu- 
tated, if it is a part that can be taken off. 

RETENTION OF THE AFTERBIRTH 
This is most commonly seen in aborting cows 

and in old, thin ones, but can happen to any cow. 

It is caused in some cases by the womb closing 



106 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

too soon around the bulk after the afterbirth and 
in others by the animal not having enough energy 
to expel it. An animal that is allowed to drink 
cold water just after calving, or one that has 
been milked out too soon, are very good subjects 
for this. 

Symptoms — These are generally very plain as 
the membranes generally hang from the vulva 
and rot away gradually and cause a very offen- 
sive odor. When the womb closes the afterbirth 
that is retained begins to decay and escapes 
through the vulva leaving a very offensive pool 
on the floor and it mats the hair of the tail to- 
gether. This soon leads to ill health, getting 
poor and drying up of the milk. 

Treatment — This varies according to the con- 
dition of the patient. If it is caused by drinking 
cold water or being in poor health the animal 
should be fed good warm bran mashes contain- 
ing a little ginger or black pepper and some good 
clover hay and this followed with a light physic 
of Glaubers salts. If the animal is in good condi- 
tion the afterbirth should be removed with the 
hand, which is very easy if done carefully. This 
is done on the same principle as unbuttoning a 
shoe. Have an attendant to hold the tail to one 
side and let the operator grease the hands with 
carbolized vaseline or lard and seize the after- 
birth with the left hand and introduce the right 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 107 

hand into the right side of the vagina and womb. 
Go back till he reaches the first cotyledon or 
mushroom-shaped mass, to these the after-birth 
is connected by a thin sheath which is very easily 
detached with the forefinger and thumb; loosen 
all of these as far back as the horns of the womb 
and by using a little pressure with the left hand 
the afterbirth will drop out in a mass. 

CHOKING 

This occurs when the animal tries to swallow 
too large an object, such as a potato, turnip, apple, 
pear or a beet and in some few cases where they 
are very greedy, bran, chaff or some finely di- 
vided food can cause it. 

Symptoms — Coughing very often, discharge of 
saliva from the mouth, and when drinking or eat- 
ing the contents come back through the nose, the 
breathing is short, sometimes there is bloating 
and in some cases where the throat is not entirely 
closed, the water the animal drinks will pass 
down, but it shows great pain while swallowing. 
If the obstruction is in the throat it may be felt 
as a lump on the left side. 

Treatment — If the object is in the upper throat 
place a gag in the animal's mouth and pass the 
hand back very slowly and grasp the object, re- 
moving it as slowly as possible. If the choke is 
not solid it can be removed by using pressure on 



108 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

the outside. If it should be of soft food use raw 
linseed oil as a drench until it soaks loose. If 
none of the foregoing forms will remove it use 
a small piece of garden hose to push it down. 
The main danger in using the hose is when it is 
started into the throat ; it should be greased well 
and started slowly. 



PART III. 



HOG CHOLERA 
Hog cholera in this country causes an annual 
loss of many millions of dollars and makes dis- 
astrous inroads into the available meat supply of 
the country. The loss from this disease is yearly 
increasing and unless more serious consideration 
is given to its control, prevention and eradication 
the much discussed famine may become a reality. 

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 
Hog cholera is prevalent in every state in the 
Union although the most serious outbreaks occur 
in the corn belt. This disease was probably in- 
troduced from England, about the year 1833. 

CAUSE 
The direct cause of the disease is an ultra- 
visible organism present in the tissues, excre- 
tions and secretions of cholera hogs and which 
produces hemorrhagic inflammations in the body 
of the infected animals ; the lungs, intestines, kid- 
neys, liver and lymphatic glands being the parts 
most commonly affected. The extensive preva- 
lence of this disease is due chiefly to the lack of 
proper quarantine laws, improper feeding and 
filthy and unsanitary conditions too often com- 
mon in hog houses and yards. 
Ill 



112 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

HOW SPREAD 
The infection is spread from one herd to an- 
other by dogs and birds which may have visited 
infected yards or fed upon carcasses left to de- 
compose in the fields ; by droppings from wagons, 
freight cars and crates used in transporting 
cholera hogs; by running streams which may 
pass through infected regions; by bringing dis- 
eased animals into the herd, or may be carried in 
excretions clinging to the feet of men or farm 
animals in going from one pen to another. 

SYMPTOMS 
The symptoms of hog cholera are not constant, 
but may vary with each individual and with each 
herd. The disease may appear in an acute or a 
chronic form, differing chiefly in duration, i. e., 
linger on for weeks. Also in some outbreaks 
practically the whole herd will be affected while 
in other cases only a few may be attacked. Com- 
monly a general listlessness will be first observed. 
The hogs will refuse to eat, or eat very little, the 
ears will droop and the tail lose its curl. The 
pigs will huddle in their sleeping quarters and 
resent being stirred out. In walking they may 
seem stiff and sore and seem to be weak in the 
hind quarters. A hacking cough and watering 
of the eyes are commonly present. Constipation 
will be present at first, followed by a persistent 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 113 

diarrhoea, showing characteristic foul black ex- 
cretions. The infected animals will also develop 
a fever, showing a rise in the temperature to 
from 104 to 109 degrees Farenheit. The normal 
temperature varying from 100 to 103^2 degrees 
Farenheit. 

POST-MORTEM INDICATIONS 

The post-mortem findings of an affected car- 
cass are characteristic of cholera. The skin on 
the belly and other tender parts of the body shows 
livid red or purple blotches. The lymph glands 
of the body are enlarged and red or grayish red 
in color. The lungs have red patches and usually 
show congestion. The kidneys show small red 
spots and on the intestines are also red, inflamed 
patches and button ulcers. 

PREVENTIVE MEASURES 

Care should be taken to provide the hogs with 
clean feed and water, clean feeding floors and 
troughs, and clean sleeping quarters. Where 
cholera is prevalent the yards should not border 
running water or public roads. Keep all persons, 
dogs and pet animals from going among the herd 
and do not go from other yards into your own 
without properly disinfecting your shoes and 
clothes. Do not permit new hogs to come into 
your herd without first quarantining them from 



114 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

four to six weeks. No animal should be brought 
onto the place for service. Disinfect the pens and 
troughs daily and keep hogs in the best possible 
condition of thrift. 

Above all, the greatest assurance of safety is 
to have all hogs vaccinated with anti-hog cholera 
serum, to prevent the disease absolutely. 

TREATMENT OF CHOLERA HERD 

When an outbreak of cholera appears on the 
farm the herd should be quarantined and every 
care taken to prevent the spread of the disease. 
The houses and yards should be thoroughly 
cleansed and disinfected and in the warm months 
good range and shade should be provided. In 
the winter dry, well ventilated sleeping quarters 
and clean, well drained yards should be provided. 
At the first appearance of the outbreak or sub- 
acute form of the disease it may be practical to 
remove the sick from the well hogs. 

A light ration of thin slop should be fed and 
the troughs cleansed, disinfected and turned up- 
side down after each feeding. All dead hogs 
should be burned and at the end of the outbreak, 
the houses, yards and floors should be cleansed 
and disinfected. If all litter is cleaned away, the 
sunlight and drying may destroy the infection in 
the fields in a few months. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 115 

VACCINATION 

The use of anti-hog cholera serum for protec- 
tion of hogs against and treatment of hog cholera 
has been practiced for four or five years. The 
serum is the defibrinated blood secured by bleed- 
ing a hog that has been hyperimmunized by the 
injection of large quantities of hog cholera blood 
directly or indirectly into the circulation of the 
animal. 

In the vaccination of the hog by the single 
method a dose of anti-hog cholera serum is 
given alone. This method produces immunity 
that may last no longer than four weeks. 

The double method of vaccination consists in 
giving the hog anti-hog cholera serum and hog 
cholera blood. 

Hogs showing visible symptoms of hog cholera 
or an abnormal temperature should be given anti- 
hog cholera serum only. 

The doses recommended in the double method 
or simultaneous vaccination work vary but 
slightly with the recommendations of the differ- 
ent serum plants. Pigs weighing fifty to eighty 
pounds receive one-half of a cubic centimeter per 
pound of body weight. Hogs weighing eighty to 
one hundred pounds receive forty to sixty-five 
cubic centimeters, and hogs of from two hundred 
to three hundred pounds receive sixty-five to 



116 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

ninety cubic centimeters per pound body weight. 
The dose of cholera blood is one to two cubic 
centimeters. 

The injections of serum and cholera blood may 
be made within the arms, in the sides of the neck 
or in the insides of the thighs. Separate syringes 
should be used for the cholera blood and the 
serum. The cholera blood should not be injected 
in the same region as the serum. In small pigs 
not more than five cubic centimeters, and in large 
hogs not more than twenty cubic centimeters 
should be injected at any one point. The body 
temperature of the hog should be taken. A body 
temperature of 104 degrees in a young hog and a 
body temperature of 103^2 degrees in the mature 
hog indicate fever. Cholera hogs in advanced 
stages of the disease or diseased hogs kept in cold, 
exposed pens may show lower body temperatures 
than mentioned. 

Diseased hogs treated with serum should re- 
ceive from one and one-half to twice the simul- 
taneous-vaccination doses. Hogs having an ab- 
normal body temperature, due to other causes 
than cholera infection, should be given serum 
alone, and later vaccinated by the double method. 
Any conditions, such as excitement, exercise, or 
heavy feeding which tend to raise the body tem- 
perature should be avoided. 

Hogs to be vaccinated by the simultaneous 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 11? 

method should not be fed for about twelve hours 
before the work is done, and following vaccina- 
tion, a light, laxative diet should be provided. 
Great care should be practiced in handling preg- 
nant sows and the dose of serum increased. 

The region of injection should be thoroughly 
cleansed and disinfected and the needle should 
be disinfected before and after each injection. 
Every care should be taken to prevent the con- 
tamination of the serum or the blood. The 
wounds produced by the needle should be cov- 
ered by an antiseptic paste and the hogs given 
clean pens or range free from wallows or water- 
holes. These precautions should be taken to pre- 
vent the infection of the wounds which might 
produce abscesses, tumors or blood poisoning. 
Should abscesses form, they should be opened to 
allow drainage, and thoroughly cleansed. 

Pigs weighing less than fifty pounds should 
not be vaccinated by the simultaneous method, 
but if the mother is vaccinated or if infection is 
present in the pens, the pigs should be given a 
protective dose of serum and later vaccinated by 
the simultaneous method. Pigs weighing ten 
to twenty pounds should receive ten cubic centi- 
meters of anti-hog cholera serum, and pigs 
weighing from twenty to fifty pounds one-half 
cubic centimeter per pound, body weight. 

The conditions met with in the field will cause 



118 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

variations in the vaccination methods, but by the 
practice of necessary precautions and use of 
proper methods hogs can be immunized against 
hog cholera with no great danger from loss. Per- 
manent immunity is conferred only when the 
simultaneous method is used. 

WORMS 

This is the most common trouble that we find 
in hogs. These worms may be found in the 
stomach, intestines, and sometimes in the lungs. 
There are many ways to free the hogs of worms, 
but like the horse, the worm treatment should be 
given on an empty stomach. When treatment is 
to be given the hog should go for twenty-four 
hours without any feed and then the worm medi- 
cine should be given in the slop or some palatable 
food. 

Treatment — Santonin is a very good remedy 
for worms. It should be thoroughly dissolved in 
warm water and then mixed with the slop and 
fed to the hogs. An ounce of santonin is suffi- 
cient for fifty hogs weighing ioo pounds each. 
This should always be followed with a physic of 
Epsom salts. The salts are also to be given in 
the slop. 

Prevention — The best way to handle worms in 
the swine is to prevent them. Hogs that are well 
fed and kept on a balanced ration are more able 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 119 

to resist the worm than the poor hog. A hog that 
is fed plenty of mineral matter is not likely to be 
bothered with worms or any other form of dis- 
ease. By giving it free access to various mineral 
substances such as wood charcoal, air-slacked 
lime, coal cinders or the pure coal, the hog will 
take care of the worm evil without further treat- 
ment. Always guard against foul water, for this 
is an excellent place for worms to develop. 

THUMPS 
This is a very common ailment among young 
pigs, and under certain conditions it will happen 
in the older hogs. It occurs most frequently in 
young pigs that do not have enough exercise. 
The symptoms are labored, jerky breathing simi- 
lar to heaves in the horse. The easiest cure is to 
remove the cause, but this is not as easy as to 
prevent it. The best prevention is to have an 
abundance of exercise, and if this cannot be sup- 
plied the ration should be reduced. If the thumps 
become very severe the hog should be bled some 
by cutting off the end of the tail. Always keep 
plenty of salt to the young pigs, especially the 
ones that do not have enough exercise. 

SCOURS 
Scours in pigs usually results from improper 
feeding or by contagion. Improper feeding that 



120 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

causes scours is an excess of feed or sudden 
changes in the feeds as from sweet to sour or 
from sour to sweet feeds. This usually comes 
just after farrowing or at weaning time. The 
sow should be very carefully fed just before and 
after farrowing time. At weaning time the pigs 
should be very carefully fed, especially when 
feeding skimmed milk. If the pig receives too 
large an amount of this it will get an excess of 
protein which will always start a case of the 
scours. Sudden changes in the feed will start 
scours in many cases, especially when the feed 
they are changed to is not as good as the regular 
rations. 

Treatment — First seek the cause and remove 
it. If the pigs are not weaned the sow should re- 
ceive the treatment. The only medical treatment 
that is needed is a good physic of epsom salts fol- 
lowed with some good wholesome food. After a 
case of scours the pens should be thoroughly 
cleansed or the pigs moved to new quarters. 

LICE 
The hog louse is a flat, oval insect of a dark 
color and about the size of a grain of wheat when 
full grown. It lives on the skin of the hog and 
saps the blood, which reduces the vitality of the 
animal, and when badly infested causes the hog 
to become very unthrifty. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 121 

Means of Destroying — The mud wallow is the 
best natural means of destroying the lice. There 
are many hogs that have free access to the mud 
wallows and water wallows that have never had 
lice. Hog lice cannot live under a coating of mud, 
consequently when a hog has access to a mud 
wallow and covers himself entirely over with 
mud, the lice will be destroyed or driven off. 
When a mud wallow is used it should be kept 
sanitary. A very good way to do this is to have 
a small stream of water running through it at 
all times. In case you cannot have a mud wallow 
you can use water instead if the wallow is kept 
sanitary. Other ways to destroy the lice is to use 
a dipping tank or spray the hogs with crude oil 
or kerosene. 



PART IV. 



i. ABSORBENT LINIMENT 

Tr. Iodine 2 oz. 

Tr. Cantharides 2 oz. 

Oil Organum 2 oz. Mix 

Sig: Apply once every other day for five 
applications. 

2. CONDITION POWDERS 

Fcenugreek 3 oz. 

Cream Tartar 3 oz. 

Pwd. Gentian 3 oz. 

Pwd. Sulphur 3 oz. 

Pwd. Nitrate Potash 3 oz. 

Pwd. Rosin 3 oz. 

Black Antimony 3 oz. 

Flaxseed Meal 16 oz. Mix 

Sig : Teaspoonf ul night and morning. 

3. EPIZOOTIC 

Sweet Spirits Nitre 1 oz. 

Tr. Aconite 1 oz. 

Tr. Belladonna 1 oz. 

Tr. Opium 1 oz. Mix 

Sig : Teaspoonf ul three or four times daily. 
125 



126 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

4. DISTEMPER POWDERS 

Pwd. Licorice Root 8 oz. 

Pwd. Fcenugreek 8 oz. 

Pwd. Elecampane 8 oz. 

Pwd. Blood Root 4 oz. 

Tartar Emetic 1 oz. 

Ginger 2 oz. 

Capsicum 2 oz. Mix 

Sig: Tablespoonful twice daily. 

5. WORMS 

Calomel 3 dram. 

Tartar Emetic 1 y* dram. 

Linseed Meal 1 oz. 

Fcenugreek 1 oz. Mix 

(Divide in three powders.) 
Sig : Give one powder each night for three 
nights and follow with one and one-half 
pints raw linseed oil. 

6. SCOURS AND DIARRHOEA 

Alum 1 oz. 

White Oak Bark Grd 1 oz. 

Pdw. Catechu y 2 oz. Mix 

Sig: Give at one dose in sweet milk or 
gruel; repeat if needed. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE U7 

7. CAUSTIC LINIMENT 

Sulphric Acid 1 oz. 

Turpentine 6 oz. 

Croton Oil 1 oz. 

Bichloride Mercury 60 grs. 

Camphor Gum ^2 oz. 

Cotton Seed Oil 8 oz. Mix 

(To be prepared by druggist.) 
Sig : Apply twice daily. 

8. HEAVE REMEDY 

Balsam Fir 4 oz. 

Balsam Copaiba 4 oz. Mix 

(Calcined Magnesia enough to make 
into balls. Divide into thirty balls. ) 
Sig: Give one each night and morning for 
a week. 

9. MOSQUITO OIL. To Keep flies off horses. 

Carbolic Acid 2 oz. 

Oil Pennyroyal 4 oz. 

Spirits Camphor . . 4 oz. 

Glycerine 4 oz. 

Oil Tar 8 oz. 

Lard Oil 8oz. Mix 

Sig: Use as often as necessary, 



128 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

io. COUGH POWDER 

Blood Root 2 oz. 

Pwd. Ginger 2 oz. 

Pwd. Fcenugreek 2 oz. 

Pwd. Licorice Root 4 oz. 

Pwd. Lobelia 1 oz. 

Pwd. Tartar Emetic ^2 oz. 

Pwd. Ipecac %. oz. 

Pwd. Opium y$ oz. Mix 

Sig : Tablespoonf til three times daily in wet 
bran. Keep horse well covered; change 
bed each day. 

11. HEEL SALVE (Cracked Hoofs) 

Bismuth S. N 1 oz. 

Red Ox. Mercury 1 dr. 

Lanoline 3 oz. Mix 

Sig: Apply once daily. 

12. BLISTER. Extra Strong. 

Lard 4 oz. 

Corrosive Sublimate y 2 oz. 

Pwd. Cantharides 2 oz. 

Turpentine ^2 oz. Mix 

Sig: Apply and rub well until the desired 
effect is obtained. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 129 

13. HEAVE REMEDY 

Morphine 50 gr. 

B. W. Creosote 

Tr. Lobelia 

Oil Cloves 

Oil Hemlock 

Turpentine of each ^oz. 

Brandy 1 pt. Mix 

Sig: Tablespoonful every third day in bran 
mash. Two to five doses stops for from 
four to six months. 

14. BARBED WIRE LINIMENT 

Fish Oil 

Coal Oil 

Turpentine 

Of each 4 oz. Mix 

(Simple but most effective.) 
Sig: Apply two or three times daily. 

15. SCRATCHES (and Heel Cracks) 

Sulphur 1 oz. 

Willow Charcoal y 2 oz. 

Lard 1 oz. Mix 

Sig: Wash with castile soap and apply 

salve. 
9 



130 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

16. SPAVIN BLISTER 

Tar 4 oz. 

Sulfuric acid i dr. 

Oil Organum .... 4 oz. 

Lard 2 oz. 

Pwd. Spanish Fly. 2 oz. Mix thoroughly 

Sig: Apply every other day until well 
blistered. 

17. PHYSIC BALLS 

Aloes 1 oz. 

Gamboge ^2 oz. 

Licorice Rt. Pv y 2 oz. 

Senna Pv j4 oz. 

Ginger y 2 oz. 

Soap Powder ^2 oz. 

Syrup to make mass Mix 

(Divide into ten balls.) 
Sig: Give one and repeat in four to six 
hours if needed. 

18. PIN WORMS 

Quassia Chips 2 oz. 

Boiling Water y 2 gal. Mix 

(Let stand until cold; strain.) 
Sig : Inject one pint each day for four days. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 131 

19. GENERAL LINIMENT 

Menthol 1 dr. 

Oil Organum 1 oz. 

Oil Hemlock 1 oz. 

Oil Sassafras 1 oz. 

Oil Turpentine 1 oz. 

Gum Camphor 1 oz. 

Tr. Capsicum ^2 oz. 

Tr. Myrrh y 2 oz. 

Tr. Benzoin Comp ^2 oz. 

Alcohol 5 oz. 

Coal Oil 5 oz. Mix 

Sig : Bathe parts twice daily. 

20. HOOF OIL. 

Neats Foot Oil 4 oz. 

Turpentine 2 oz. 

Oil Tar 3 oz. 

Oil Organum ij^ oz. Mix 

Sig: Apply once daily. 

21. LIQUID BLISTER 

Pwd. Cantharides 2 oz. 

Turpentine 6 oz. Mix 

Sig: Rub in well every other day until 
well blistered. 



132 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

22. CONCEPTION POWDERS 
(For backward mares) 

Rosin 2 oz. 

Nitrate Potash 4 oz. 

Sulfur 4 oz. 

Iron Carbonate 1 oz. Mix 

Sig: Mix with peck wheat bran and feed 
common handful three times a day for 
three weeks before taking horse. 

23. COLIC 

Tr. Asafcetida 1 oz. 

Tr. Ginger 1 y 2 oz. 

Chloroform ^2 oz. 

Arom. Spirits Ammonia ... 3 oz. Mix 
Sig : Tablespoonf ul every fifteen or twenty 
minutes. 

24. RING BONE AND SPAVIN 

Bichloride Mercury 10 grs. 

Tr. Arnica 2 oz. 

Oil Peppermint 12 oz. 

Tr. Iodine 12 oz. Mix 

Sig: Give rest and apply every morning 

for five days. 
(Softens and prevents cracks) 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 133 

25. RACE HORSE LEG AND BODY WASH 

Oil Mustard (Ess.) 2 dr. 

Tr. Capsicum 1 oz. 

Alcohol 1 5 oz. Mix 

Sig : Tablespoonful to a quart of water and 
bathe. 

26. TONIC 

F. Ex. Gentian ^2 oz. 

Glycerine ^2 oz. 

Tr. Iron 1 oz. 

Hall's Sol. Strychnia % oz - Mix 

Dilute alcohol (50 per cent) to make 
one pint. 
Sig: Tablespoonful three times daily. 

27. KEROSENE LINIMENT 

Kerosene 2 oz. 

Tr. Opium 4 dr. 

Tr. Arnica 5 dr. 

Tr. Straminonium 4 dr. 

Tr. Camphor 5 dr. 

Aromatic Spirits Ammonia . 6 dr. 

Oil Organum 4 dr. 

Chloroform 1 oz. Mix 

Sig: Bathe parts twice daily. 



134 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

28. HEALING POWDER 

Zinc Oxide 1 oz. 

Calomel 1 oz. 

Bismuth 1 oz. 

Burnt Alum 4 oz. 

Boric Acid 16 oz. 

(Mix well and sift.) 
Sig: Dust on wound twice daily. 

29. EYE WATER 

Lloyd's Hydrastis 15 drops 

Listerine 2 drams 

Glycerine 1 dram 

Borax 6 grains 

Water 4 oz. Mix 

Sig: Medicine-dropper half-full in eye 
twice daily. 

30. TONIC POWDER 

Pwd. Gentian 4 oz. 

Pwd. Ginger 4 oz. 

Caraway Seed 4 oz. 

Flaxseed Meal 4 oz. 

Salt 4 oz. 

Nitrate Potash 4 oz. Mix 

Sig: Tablespoonful in each feed. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 135 

31. HORSE SALVE. For Sores, Etc. 

Pwd. Borax 4 drams 

Animal Charcoal 2 drams 

Oil Tar 40 drops 

Camphorated Oil y 2 oz. 

Lard 4 oz. Mix 

Sig: Apply three times daily. 

32. THOROUGHPIN 

Tr. Iodine 2 oz. 

Spirits Camphor 1 oz. 

Ammonia 1 oz. 

Turpentine 1 oz. 

Tr. Arnica 2 oz. 

Olive Oil 1 oz. Mix 

Sig : Rub affected parts twice daily. 

33. COLIC BALLS 

Pwd. Opii 60 gr. 

Pwd. Castile Soap 2 oz. 

Pwd. Camphor 2 oz. 

Pwd. Ginger i l / 2 oz. 

Pwd. Licorice Root 1 oz. Mix 

(Make eight balls with molasses.) 
Sig : One ball every hour until relieved. 



136 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

34. KIDNEY TROUBLE 

Fid. Ext. Buchu i^oz. 

Acetate Potash ]/ 2 oz. 

Spirits Juniper 12 oz. Mix 

Sig: Three tablespoonfuls twice daily. 

35. CHILLS. 

Quinine 2 dr. 

Arom. Sulfuric Acid 1 oz. 

Whiskey to make 8 oz. Mix 

Sig: Tablespoonful three times daily. 

36. FEVER 

Fl. Ex. Belladonna ^2 oz. 

Fl. Ex. Nux Vomica ]/ 2 oz. 

Glycerine 2 oz. 

Sat. Sol. Nitrate Potash 5 oz. Mix 

Sig : Two tablespoonfuls every three hours. 

37. BLADDER TROUBLE 

Uva Ursi Fid. Ext 2 oz. 

F. Ex. Buchu 1 oz. 

Sat. Sol. Nitrate Potash .... 1 oz. 

Gin 12 oz. Mix 

Sig: Tablespoonful twice daily. 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 137 

38. CHEAP GALL CURE 

Pwd. Camphor 1 oz. 

Pwd. Prepared Chalk 6 oz. 

Burnt Alum 4 oz. Mix 

Sig : Apply twice daily. 

39. BLOOD PURIFIER 

Potassa Nitrate 1 oz. 

Black Antimony 1 oz. 

Pwd. Rosin 1 oz. 

Sulfur 2 oz. Mix 

(Divide into eight powders.) 
Sig : One powder twice daily. 

40. WHITE LINIMENT 

Ammonia Chloride 3 dr. 

Dissolve in Water 4 oz. 

Turpentine 1 ^ oz. 

Oleic Acid 2 dr. 

Add water to make 8 oz. Mix 

Sig: Rub affected parts three times daily. 



INDEX 



HORSE. 

PAGE 

Azoturia 12 

Abortion 28 

Artery, Rupture of 33 

Abscess 61 

Bladder, Eversion of 16 

Broken Knee, Synovitis or Arthritis 38 

Bruises of Frog 51 

Boils or Furuncles 59 

Bleeding from the Nose 64 

Choke 3 

Colic 4 

Colic, Spasmodic or Cramp Colic 4 

Colic, Flatulence or Bloat 5 

Colic, Worm 9 

Chaps of Knee or Hock 54 

Cold in the Head or Nasal Catarrh 18 

Curb 40 

Capped Elbow 41 

Contracted Heels or Hoof Bound 44 

Calk Wounds 46 

Cocked Ankles or Knuckling 47 

Corns 49 

Distemper or Strangles 25 

139 



140 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

PAGE 

Eyelids, Torn 33 

Eczema, or Inflammation With Blisters 57 

Founder 51 

Fly Blows 56 

Fistula 59 

Grubs in the Skin 56 

Galls, Harness 58 

Heaves or Asthma 23 

Heel, Inflammation of 52 

Heel, Grease, or Canker 52 

Heel, Cracked 54 

Impaction 6 

Indigestion 8 

Influenza 26 

Interfering or Speedy Cuts 42 

Kidneys, Acute Inflammation of, or Acute 

Nephritis 14 

Liver, Inflammation of, or Hepatitis 10 

Lungs, Congestion of 21 

Lungs, Bleeding from, or Hemoptysis 23 

Lameness, Shoulder 39 

Lock Jaw or Tetanus 62 

Lampers, or Lampas 65 

Open Joints 38 

Overreach 45 

Poisoning, Forage or Cerebrospinal Meningitis.. 32 

Ringbone 35 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 141 

PAGE 

Sore Throat or Laryngitis 19 

Sunstroke or Heatstroke 31 

Splint 34 

Sidebones • 36 

Spavin 37 

Spavin Bog or Thoropin 38 

String Halt 43 

Scratches 54 

Stings of Bees, Wasps and Hornets 57 

Summer Sores 61 

Tumor in the Nostrils 17 

Thumps or Spasm of the Diaphragm 24 

Thrush 48 

Urine, Bloody or Hematuria 11 

Urine, Discharge by the Navel, or Persistent 

Urachus 17 

Udder, Congestion of 63 

Womb, Eversion of 30 

Warts 55 

Windgalls 55 

COW. 

Abortion, Contagious 84 

Abortion, Non-Contagious 85 

Afterbirth, Retention of 105 

Bloating or Acute Tympanites 69 

Bleeding from the Nose 78 

Bronchitis 79 

Bladder, Eversion of 88 

Boils or Frunculus 99 



142 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

PAGE 

Cud, Loss of 71 

Constipation 75 

Cow Pox 92 

Chapped Teats 94 

Choking 107 

Distention of the Rumen or Paunch with Food. . 70 

Diarrhea or Dysentery 74 

Dehorning 97 

Dropsy 103 

Eczema 98 

Ergotism 104 

Founder or Laminitis 101 

Foot Rot or Foul in Feet 102 

Heaves or Emphysema 81 

Heat Prostration or Sunstroke 81 

Indigestion or Gastro Intestinal Catarrh 72 

Indigestion or Colic After Drinking Cold Water. . 73 

Liver, Congestion of, or Jaundice 76 

Lightning Stroke 82 

Lump Jaw or Actinomycosis 100 

Loss of Hoof 102 

Milk Fever, or Parturition Fever 88 

Milk, Bloody 90 

Mammitis 90 

Snake Bites 77 

Stings of Bees and Wasps 78 

Slinking of the Calf 85 

Scours, Contagious in Calves 96 



COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 143 



PAGE 



Udder, Congestion of, or Garget 92 

Womb, Eversion of 86 

Warts 94 

Warbles or Bots 95 

HOG. 

Cholera, Hog Ill 

Lice 120 

Scours 119 

Thumps 119 

Worms 118 

PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Absorbent Liniment 125 

Blister, Extra Strong 128 

Barb Wire Liniment 129 

Bladder Trouble 136 

Blood Purifier 137 

Condition Powders 125 

Caustic Liniment 127 

Cough Powders 128 

Conception Powders ; . . . 132 

Colic ..132 

Colic Balls 135 

Chills 136 

Distemper Powders 126 

Epizootic 125 

Eye Water 134 



144 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 

■ PAGE 

Fever 136 



General Liniment 131 

Gall Cure, Cheap 137 

Heave Remedy (a) 127 

Heave Remedy (b) 129 

Heel Salve 128 

Hoof Oil 131 

Healing Powder 134 

Horse Salve 135 

Kerosene Liniment 133 

Kidney Trouble 136 

Liquid Blister 131 

Liniment, White 137 

Mosquito Oil 127 

Physic Balls 130 

Pin Worms 130 

Ringbone and Spavin 132 

Race Horse Leg and Body Wash 133 

Scours and Diarrhea 126 

Scratches 129 

Spavin Blister 130 

Tonic 133 

Tonic Powder 134 

Thoroughpin 135 

Worms 126 



L1BRAR Y OF CONGRESS 

nNllitilUIin 



1 1 II 



002 843 231 8 



